Europe and Central Asia Gender Innovation Lab

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Publications

The ECA GIL brings together a range of knowledge products—including core analytics, reports, working papers, and more—highlighting critical topics from the World Bank Group’s Gender Strategy across Europe and Central Asia.

The Missing Half of Capital: Unlocking Finance for Women-Led Firms in Europe and Central Asia (2026)

Motherhood and Labor Market Trajectories in Türkiye (2026)

Do Investments in Digital Infrastructure Improve Employment Outcomes? Evidence from Türkiye (2026)

Productivity Gap between Women- and Men-Run Private Hotels in Georgia: A Data Envelopment Analysis–Based Meta Frontier Analysis (2026)

Income Shocks, Bride Price, and Child Marriage in Turkey (2025)

Financial Incentives, Fertility, and Son Preference in Armenia (2021) 

Can Grit Be Taught? Lessons from a Nationwide Field Experiment with Middle-School Students (2021) 

A Field Experiment on the Role of Socioemotional Skills and Gender for Hiring in Turkey (2020)

Long-Term Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity (2019)

Preventing More 'Missing Girls': A Review of Policies to Tackle Son Preference (2018)

Discrimination Against Sexual Minorities in Education and Housing: Evidence from Two Field Experiments in Serbia (2018)

Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus (2018)

Ageing and Family Solidarity in Europe: Patterns and Driving Factors of Intergenerational Support (2016)

Going Beyond the First Child: Analysis of Russian Mothers' Desired and Actual Fertility Patterns (2016)

Fertility Transition in Turkey: Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? (2015) 

Gender, Mobility, and Middle Class in Europe and Central Asia: Insights from Qualitative Research (2015)

'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries: Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options (2015)

Care Responsibilities and Female Employment in the Western Balkans (2026)

Who Deserves More? An Analytical Case Study on Fair Pay Using the Listening to Georgia Survey (2026)

Mend the Gap, Unleash Potential: Addressing Barriers in Women’s Economic Opportunities in Europe and Central Asia (2026)

North Macedonia: Addressing the Gender Disparity for Growth and Jobs (2026)

Mapping Barriers and Identifying In-Demand Digital Skills in Kosovo (2026)

Investing in Early Years: Evidence, Challenges, and Policy Directions for Early Childhood Education and Care in Kosovo (2026)

Female Employment in Ukraine (2025)

Tajikistan Taking a Socially Inclusive Approach to Climate Change (2025)

Gender Norms in Flux: Bride Kidnapping and Women’s Civic Participation in the Kyrgyz Republic (2017) 

Gender Based Violence in Georgia: Links among Conflict, Economic Opportunities and Services (2017)

Republic of Armenia Leveling the STEM Playing Field for Women: Differences in Opportunity and Outcomes in Fields of Study and the Labor Market (2017)

Why Should We Care about Care?: The Role of Childcare and Eldercare in Serbia (2016) 

Why Should We Care about Care?: The Role of Childcare and Eldercare in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2015) 

Why Should We Care about Care?: The Role of Childcare and Eldercare in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015)

Why Should We Care about Care?: The Role of Childcare and Eldercare in Kosovo (2015)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Gender Disparities in Endowments, Access to Economic Opportunities and Agency (2015)

Türkiye: Opening doors, creating jobs for women in the railway sector (2026)

From Training to Digital Jobs: Preparing Women for E-Commerce Careers In Tajikistan with PARWONA (2026)

Better Jobs: Evidence from the Life in Transition Survey (2025)

How financial inclusion in Central Asia drives opportunity and jobs (2025)

Unlocking Economic Potential Across Europe and Central Asia: Insights from the Mend the Gap Conference (2025)

Edutainment for financial inclusion: Empowering women and youth in Central Asia (2025)

More women are needed in transport jobs in Europe and Central Asia (2025)

Preschools, Paychecks, and Progress: Uzbekistan’s Bold Step for Women (2025)

Empowering Kazakhstani women to boost the economy (2024)

Driving change: Empowering women for greater productivity in Europe and Central Asia (2024)

Gender-based violence affects 20% of women in ECA, costing countries billions of dollars in lost potential human capital each year (2023)

Empowering women through community-driven development in Tajikistan (2023)

Tajikistan: Empowering women in cross-border trade (2023)

Are women a minority if they count for at least half of your infrastructure PPP demand? (2023)

For faster growth, Central Asia must confront biased perceptions about the value of women’s work (2023)

How can Serbia’s energy and mining sector become a leader in gender equality? (2023)

Reducing the prevalence of gender-based violence in Europe and Central Asia requires changing the norms that support it (2022)

Why combating gender-based violence matters to all of us (2022)

Tackling violence against women is essential for economic growth in Central Asia (2022)

How are gender gaps stymying Georgia’s full economic potential? (2022)

Examining the scale of gender discrimination in hiring practices in Uzbekistan (2022)

Working towards gender equality in Tajikistan’s labor market (2022)

Taking the long way home: Women and transport in Serbia (2021)

Mainstreaming gender in public procurement (2021)

Back to the future: Harnessing women’s capital for new growth in Turkey (2021)

Amidst the pandemic, Moldovan businesses face growing anxiety (2021)

Beyond the campaign: Amplifying our efforts to end gender-based violence in Uzbekistan (2020)

Roads to inclusion in North Macedonia: Why does it matter? (2020)

How to energize gender equality in a large power company in Serbia (2020)

Gender in Country Reports