Sustainable Infrastructure Finance Overview

Accessible smart infrastructure enables quality of life in any economy, providing ways for people to get to jobs, hospitals, schools, and for goods to get to markets and consumers.

Public finance and support from multilateral development banks are not sufficient to eliminate poverty on a livable planet. With a $15 trillion infrastructure financing gap, partnership between governments, philanthropies, donors and the private sector is necessary to ensure basic services for the millions of households left behind.

The World Bank Group is responding to the global call to scale up future-fit resilient quality infrastructure investment needed to accomplish our mission. We leverage the full suite of World Bank Group financing instruments to facilitate private sector investment in sustainable quality infrastructure.

The infrastructure gap is significant: nearly 700 million people have no access to electricity, 2.2 billion lack drinking water, 3.5 billion lack safe sanitation, 1 billion live more than 2 kilometers from an all-season road, and a third of the global population--2.6 billion people--remain digitally unconnected.

The cost of financing these gaps is enormous – about an annual 4.5% of the GDP of low- and middle- income countries, or around $1.5 trillion annually.

Private capital mobilization is crucial to addressing this gap. Countries must optimize scarce public finance and spending in ways that generate more participation from the private sector. Multilaterals—like the World Bank—can help.

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2025

The World Bank Group is doing the work to remove constraints blocking private sector investment and promote good business policies and governance. We:

Support policy reforms that enhance market transparency and efficiency.
Work with clients to establish institutional frameworks and capacity at the country level to bring infrastructure projects to fruition, such as through PPPs.
Develop innovative financing arrangements that combine concessional finance, grants, blended finance and risk mitigation instruments – such as guarantees – to help get projects off the ground.
Create bankable project pipelines that make it possible for private sector financiers to get involved.

The World Bank Group hosts three donor-funded partnerships whose work underlies these massive efforts:

The Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) strengthens policies, regulations, and institutions that enable private sector participation in infrastructure projects.
The Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF) helps client countries build sustainable, quality infrastructure pipelines.
The Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII) Partnership provides support for incorporating quality principles that provide the foundation for achieving sustainable, resilient, and inclusive infrastructure.

Some of the impact of World Bank investments include:

Bus Rapid Transit in Dakar, Senegal. The project will radically improve urban mobility across the Dakar metropolitan area. The system was officially inaugurated in January 2024, with regular passenger service expected to start later this year. Once fully operational, the new BRT will serve 300,000 commuters per day, cut the transit time in half, improve road safety and reduce local air pollution by shifting traffic from private cars to buses. The BRT is expected to make 170,000 jobs newly accessible, and nearly 600 of all job opportunities in Dakar will be reachable in an hour or less.

Lighting Up Streets- Brazil. In partnership with the World Bank Group, the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF) supported CAIXA, one of Brazil’s public banks, to structure and procure a set of public street lighting modernization PPPs in 10 Brazilian municipalities. As of 2022, five municipalities had started using the LED technology. Ten upcoming pilot transactions will reduce emissions by about 21,563 tons of CO₂ per year and provide a model for a future program of investments, expected to increase reductions up to an annual total of 565,556 tons. This will contribute to one-fifth of Brazil’s Paris Agreement target to improve energy efficiency in electricity by 10 percent by 2030.

Supporting West Africa’s first PPP Framework- ECOWAS. Governments in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) - Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo - are looking for a regional solution to infrastructure development. ECOWAS’ regional infrastructure masterplan comprises 201 projects in connectivity, digital development, energy (including renewable energy), and transport from 2020 to 2045 with an estimated investment requirement of $122 billion. With Public - Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) support, ECOWAS successfully developed a comprehensive PPP framework. This is a critical step towards establishing a conducive and investor-friendly environment and closing a substantial regional infrastructure gap estimated to be between $20 billion and $36 billion annually. The Parliament approved resolutions on regional PPPs and associated guidelines in December 2021. Once in place, the new regional framework will facilitate delivering regional infrastructure and public services in the ECOWAS region.

Improving Urban Mobility in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. With the support of the World Bank and the Global Infrastructure Facility, the government of Côte d’Ivoire is building a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system aligned with the country’s 2016-2020 National Development Plan and Greater Abidjan Urban Master Plan. The BRT is part of the World Bank’s broader $400 million Greater Abidjan Port City Integration project, one of the largest public transport PPPs in Côte d’Ivoire and among the first BRT systems in West Africa. It is expected to mobilize $130 million from the private sector. The 20-kilometer BRT will transform the public transport system along the Yopougon-Bingerville corridor and its feeder lines in Abidjan. It will reduce travel time and increase access to jobs from low-income, outlying areas into the Abidjan city-center, with an estimated 600,000 additional jobs becoming more accessible. The BRT system will also encourage safe and equitable access and promote employment opportunities for women in its operations. Importantly, it will use climate-friendly technology.

Boosting PPPs - Pakistan. The World Bank is collaborating with Pakistan’s PPP Authority (P3A) to advance private sector investment. With PPIAF support, three projects have been selected by the P3A for accelerated development: training on PPP pipeline screening, fiscal commitment and contingency frameworks, and climate considerations to build the capacity of the P3A. A follow-up activity is being planned, in partnership with the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF), to further develop the multi-window financing vehicle, expand the PPP pipeline to include social infrastructure projects, and provide additional capacity building support.

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2025

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