World Development Report 2021 Maps and Figures

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Overview

Map O.1 Use of aggregated cellphone records to track mobility week by week during COVID-19 lockdowns in The Gambia, March–May, 2020 https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-O_1
Map O.2 Highly refined data pinpointed areas of Nigeria that needed better sanitation https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-O_2
Map O.3 Combining satellite imagery with household survey data increases the resolution of the poverty map of Tanzania https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-O_3
Map O.4 Data infrastructure is not yet widespread across all parts of the world https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-O_4
Figure O.4 The legal and regulatory framework for data governance remains a work in progress across all country income groupings https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-O_4
Figure O.5 Since 1990, the global trade in data-driven services has grown exponentially and now constitutes half of trade in services https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-O_5

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 The share of people counted in a census grew from about 1 in 10 in 1850 to 9 in 10 today https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-1_1
Figure B1.4.1 Use of repurposed data to study COVID-19: Published articles, by type of private intent data used https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B1_4_1
Map B1.4.1 Use of repurposed data to study COVID-19: Published articles, by country https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-B1_4_1
Figure S1.2.1 In six years, the composition of debt has shifted dramatically https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-S1_2_1

Chapter 2

Figure 2.2 Improving access to water: Using real-time sensor data to reduce repair time for broken hand pumps in Kenya https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_2
Map 2.1 Reducing poverty: Mapping pockets of poverty in Croatia allowed better targeting of antipoverty funds https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-2_1
Figure 2.3 Gaps in geospatial datasets are especially large in lower-income countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_3
Figure B2.3.1 Proportion of COVID-19 cases reported with sex-disaggregated data by 190 countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B2_3_1
Figure 2.4 Lower-income countries, especially those affected by fragility and conflict, have less comparable poverty data than other country groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_4
Figure 2.5 Lower-income countries are less likely than other countries to adhere to international bestpractice statistical standards and methodologies https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_5
Figure 2.7 Most countries do not fully fund their national statistical plans https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_7
Figure 2.8 The older a country’s statistical laws, the lower is its statistical performance and the less open are its data https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_8
Figure 2.9 Greater NSO independence and freedom of the press are positively correlated with better statistical performance https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-2_9
Figure S2.1.1 Prevalence of female genital mutilation in women ages 15–49, by country income level, 2010–19 https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-S2_1_1

Chapter 3

Figure 3.6.a Internet traffic in low- and middle-income countries is concentrated in several US-based firms https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-3_6_a
Figure S3.1.1 Private company use of public data is extremely valuable in the United States, suggesting the value of open government data https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-S3_1_1

Chapter 4

Map B4.1.1 Mapping the home location of smartphone users in Jakarta, 2020 https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-B4_1_1
Figure B4.1.1 Smartphone location data reveal the changes in the time users spend at home in Jakarta https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B4_1_1
Figure B4.2.1 Use of repurposed data to study COVID-19: Published articles, by type of private intent data used https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B4_2_1
Map B4.2.1 Uses of repurposed data to study COVID-19: Published articles, by country https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-B4_2_1
Map 4.1 Private intent data can provide unique and comparable information not collected by national governments such as the number of adults who lack a formal financial account https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-4_1
Map 4.2 Agricultural extension services can be tailored to the slower, older broadband internet accessible to many small-scale farmers https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-4_2
Figure 4.1 Gaps in network coverage differ across farm sizes, affecting agricultural extension services https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-4_1
Figure 4.2 Artificial intelligence specialists gravitate to the US market, no matter where they are educated https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-4_2
Map S4.1.1 Large gaps remain in global reporting on basic weather data https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-S4_1_1

Chapter 5

Figure 5.2 The developing world overwhelmingly accesses data using wireless networks https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_2
Figure 5.3 Gaps in 3G wireless broadband internet coverage have been shrinking, but usage gaps remain stubbornly high https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_3
Figure 5.4 Globally, the coverage of wireless technologies reflects their constant upgrading https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_4
Figure 5.5 In low- and middle-income countries, nearly 70 percent of those who do not use the internet are held back by deficiencies in digital literacy
https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_5
Figure 5.6 Inequities in mobile data consumption across country income groups and regions are huge https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_6
Figure 5.7 The monthly price for 1 gigabyte of data is unaffordable in low-income countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_7
Figure 5.8 Data consumption is very sensitive to market prices and service affordability https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_8
Map 5.1 The global fiber-optic cable submarine network reaches all corners of the world, but data infrastructure is unevenly developed https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-5_1
Figure 5.10 Data infrastructure is relatively scarce in low- and middle-income countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-5_10
Figure B5.1.1 Low- and middle-income countries are educating ICT professionals but not retaining them https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B5_1_1
Figure B5.1.2 Major wage differentials for ICT professionals create a brain drain, especially in low- and middle-income countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-B5_1_2
Figure S5.2.1 Worldwide greenhouse gas emissions from data consumption have been flat, even though electricity consumption has been growing https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-S5_2_1

Chapter 6

Figure 6.3 Gaps in the regulatory framework for cybersecurity are glaring across country income groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-6_3
Figure 6.4 Progress on personal data protection legislation differs markedly across country income groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-6_4
Figure 6.5 Adoption of e-commerce and related legislation is widespread across country income groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-6_5
Figure 6.6 Regulations enabling access to and reuse of public intent data are unevenly developed across country income groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-6_6
Figure 6.7 Adoption of enablers for sharing private intent data lags those for public intent data across country income groups https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-6_7

Chapter 7

Figure 7.2 In the digital economy, antitrust cases related to passenger transport are more prevalent in middle-income countries than in high-income countries https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-7_2
Figure 7.3 Among anticompetitive practices, abuse of dominance is more widespread worldwide across multiple sectors of the digital economy https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-7_3
Figure 7.4 Since 1990, the global trade in data-driven services has grown exponentially and now constitutes half of trade in services https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-7_4
Map 7.1 Uptake of regulatory models to cross-border data flows https://bit.do/WDR2021-Map-7_1
Figure 7.6 East Asian countries are losing a substantial volume of tax revenue by failing to apply current VAT rules to digital services https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-7_6

Chapter 8

Figure 8.3 No low-income and few lower-middle-income countries have a separate data governance entity; most embed them in another government institution https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-8_3
Figure 8.4 The lower the country income level, the fewer are the countries with data protection authorities https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-8_4
Figure 8.5 More than half of countries across all income groups have antitrust authorities https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-8_5
Figure 8.6 Only about one-quarter of low-income countries have cybersecurity agencies https://bit.do/WDR2021-Fig-8_6