• Raising school quality in developing countries : what investments boost learning?
    Low levels of student achievement and school quality persist in developing countries. The importance of school quality, in raising literacy and influencing economic development, is reviewed in this paper....
    Type: Publication Report#: WDP2 Date: November 30, 1986 Author: Fuller,Bruce Carl
  • Adjustment with growth : relating the analytical approaches of the World Bank and the IMF
    The move towards closer cooperation between the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund naturally leads to questions of how the two institutions design adjustment programs that support their lending...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: ERS8 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Khan, Mohsin S ; Montiel, Peter ; Haque, Nadeem U
  • Export promoting trade strategy : issues and evidence
    This paper evaluates new hesitations in adopting an export promoting (EP) trade strategy. It reviews past experience with trade strategies and distinguishes between the old export pessimism and the new...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: ERS7 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Bhagwati,Jagdish N.
  • Adjustment with growth in the highly indebted middle-income countries
    This paper discusses the adjustment measures that middle-income highly indebted countries must undertake to resume growth. It briefly discusses measures undertaken by the countries in the recent past...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: CPD8636 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Choksi,Armeane M.
  • Adding demand - side variables to study the intersection between demand and supply in Bangladesh
    Is there a latent demand for family limitation in some very poor countries in which the use of birth control has been at very low levels, even where family planning programs exist? The conventional wisdom...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: PHN8628 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Freedman, Deborah S. ; Freedman, Ronald
  • Horticultural trade of the expanded European Community : implications for Mediterranean countries
    The southward enlargement of the European Community (EC) is causing considerable concern among agricultural policymakers inside and outside the EC and especially within the fruit and vegetable subsector....
    Type: Publication Report#: 11811 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Bale,Malcolm D.
  • High interest rates, spreads, and the costs of intermediation : two studies
    High interest rates have become a global concern in both the industrialized and developing countries. In some developing countries they have reached real levels far above even the unprecedented rates prevailing...
    Type: Publication Report#: IAF18 Date: October 31, 1986 Author: Hanson, James A ; de Rezende Rocha, Roberto
  • Aid, export promotion and the real exchange rate : an African dilemma
    This paper argues that aid has unwanted side effects that require explicit policy attention. It shows that aid exerts upward pressure on the real exchange rate, leads to increased labor costs in traded...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: DRD199 Date: October 1, 1986 Author: Van Wijbergen, Sweder
  • Fiscal deficits, exchange rate crises and inflation
    Recent inflationary experience in countries like Israel, Argentina and Brazil cannot be explained using traditional views on the relation between macroeconomic policy and inflation. Keynesian views cannot...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: DRD198 Date: October 1, 1986 Author: Van Wijnbergen,Sweder
  • Evaluating participation in an African monetary union : a statistical analysis of the CFA zone
    Thirteen African nations are engaged in two monetary unions with France often referred to as the CFA Zone. Despite the acknowledged benefits of Zone membership such as convertible currency, pooled resources...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: DRD188 Date: October 1, 1986 Author: Devarajan,Shantayanan ; De Melo,Jaime A. P.
  • Towards an agenda for tax reform in Bangladesh
    These notes outline a framework for the economic analysis of tax and public sector pricing reform in Bangladesh. The proposals put forward here lay down a general structure based on the application of...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: CPD8639 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Mitra,Pradeep K.
  • The debt problem and growth
    Easing the debt problem requires high-debt countries to generate significant trade and savings surpluses. If this has to be achieved quickly these surpluses can only be built up through contractive measures...
    Type: Journal Article Report#: REP399 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Selowsky,Marcelo ; Van Der Tak,Herman G.
  • Rent control in developing countries : a framework for analysis
    Although rent control has often been treated as the single most important shelter policy issue by project officers and Bank management, amazingly little work has been done to examine rent control laws...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: UDD102 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Malpezzi, Stephen ; Rydell, C Peter ; WUD
  • Exchange rates : concepts and measurement issues
    Divided into five sections, this paper surveys the main issues related to the definition and the empirical computation of an index of the real exchange rate. Section I presents a brief survey of the different...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: DWA8603 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Faini,Riccardo
  • Population density, market access and farmer-generated technical change in sub-Saharan Africa
    Just as technical change in agriculture in the industrialized countries results from the economy's land and labor endowments and by the conditions of demand, so too is farmer-generated technical change...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: ARU58 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Pinghali, Prabhu L ; Binswanger, Hans P
  • What can agriculture do for the poorest rural groups?
    As much of the world's poorest population lives in rural areas, this paper explores the thesis that agricultural development is the key to reducing poverty in the third world. Correspondingly, this paper...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: ARU57 Date: September 30, 1986 Author: Binswanger, Hans P ; Quizon, Jaime B
  • Annual review of project performance results 1985
    This is the Twelfth Annual Review of Project Performance Results. The main purpose of the Review is to assess the performance of World Bank supported projects evaluated in 1985 and to draw the lessons...
    Type: IEG Evaluation Report#: 6417 Date: September 30, 1986
  • Domestic credit and output determination in a 'new classical' model of a small open economy with perfect capital mobility
    Several authors have argued that the appropriate monetary policy variable in Barro-type reduced-form output equations for small open economies is domestic credit. The rationale for this view is that in...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: DRD181 Date: September 1, 1986 Author: Montiel,Peter J.
  • Public debt guarantees and private capital flight
    Significant amounts of private capital have flowed out of several of the large debtor countries. This outflow, often called "capital flight," largely escapes taxation by the borrowing-country government,...
    Type: Departmental Working Paper Report#: DRD183 Date: September 1, 1986 Author: Eaton,Jonathan W.
  • Trade conflicts and prospects for resolution in the GATT : developing country issues
    The developing countries belonging to GATT and eligible to participate in the upcoming negotiations are a heterogeneous group. This paper examines the various issues facing developing countries in the...
    Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report#: AGP126 Date: September 1, 1986 Author: Fitchett,Delbert A.
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