This paper develops a sovereign default model with capital accumulation, long-term debt, and fiscal rules with two distortions: debt dilution and private underinvestment. Fiscal rules generate a long-run...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11156Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Esquivel,Carlos ;
Samano Penaloza, Agustin
This note details the Total Carbon Pricing (TCP) 2.0, a method designed to calculate comprehensive carbon prices and first established in World Bank (2023). The TCP allows for a nuanced understanding of...
Type: ReportReport#: 202555Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Campmas, Alexandra Andrea Maite ;
Gill, Sahil ;
Al-Rikabi, Jaffar ;
Bastidas, Daniel
As Pakistan pursues its climate commitments, carbon pricing offers a market-based tool to align economic incentives with environmental goals. This note examines Pakistan's carbon emission profile, current...
Type: ReportReport#: 202600Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Barriga-Cabanillas, Oscar ;
Wieser, Christina
Pakistan’s fertilizer sector makes a significant contribution to the country’s economy, accounting for approximately 4.4 percent of large-scale manufacturing output and 1 percent of the gross domestic...
Type: ReportReport#: 202549Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
Cement is an important large-scale manufacturing industry that contributes nearly 1 percent to Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually and accounts for an estimated 25 percent of all industrial...
Type: ReportReport#: 202540Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
This note provides guidance for Country Economists (CEs) to include in the PFRs an analysis
of how tax policies, including tax incentives, impact investment in a country. Investment is
often considered...
Type: ReportReport#: 202582Date: June 25, 2025Author:
Kumar, Rajiv
Textiles are Pakistan’s most critical manufacturing sector, contributing nearly one‑fourth of the industrial value added and employing about 40 percent of the industrial labor force. It has the longest...
Type: ReportReport#: 202538Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
This study reveals a great deal of demand and appetite for digital enablement of services
in the local governments selected for the study. Local governments are making use of digital
technologies and systems...
Type: ReportReport#: 202576Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
Overseas carbon pricing to account for embedded emissions from imports—and more broadly climate policies—can pose a transition risk for developing countries. Countries may become increasingly vulnerable...
Type: ReportReport#: 202580Date: June 25, 2025Author:
Antipa, Paulina Schulz ;
Celniak, Weronika ;
Campmas, Alexandra ;
Gawryluk, Faustyna
The World Bank recently led two consultation and capacity building events in October and November 2024. The objectives of these events were to gather firsthand information and priorities for action from...
Type: ReportReport#: 202557Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
The focus of the Mozambique Land Administration Project (MozLand) is to strengthen land tenure security in selected districts and improve the efficiency and accessibility of land administration services.
Type: BriefReport#: 202586Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
The Country-Level Institutional Assessment and Review (CLIAR) Dashboard provides a structured, focused, and flexible diagnostic tool to assess institutional challenges and priorities across countries and...
Type: ReportReport#: 202583Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
Presenations on the following topics: The UNGPs are a set of guidelines for states and companies to prevent, address, and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations; 2008: UN endorses...
Type: ReportReport#: 202554Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
Pakistan’s industrial sector offers a significant and achievable opportunity for energy efficiency and decarbonization (EE&D), with the potential to substantially reduce energy demand, generate cost savings,...
Type: ReportReport#: 202550Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
The paper and pulp industry in Pakistan comprises approximately 100 companies producing around 0.9 million tonnes of paper products annually. Over the past five years (FY20–FY24), paper production has...
Type: ReportReport#: 202551Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
The steel industry in Pakistan includes both large firms in the organized sector and smaller manufacturers operating in the informal economy; however, the largest 20 companies cater to 80 percent of local...
Type: ReportReport#: 202535Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
This note provides guidance for Country Economists analyzing tax expenditures (TEs) in
PFRs. It introduces key concepts, analysis and methods, from basic reporting to cost
assessment, with a focus on measurement....
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