Ana Margarida Fernandes is a Senior Economist in the Trade and International Integration Unit of the Development Research Group at the World Bank. She joined the World Bank as a Young Economist in 2002. Her research examines the consequences of openness to trade and FDI for firm-level outcomes such as productivity, innovation and quality upgrading and more broadly the determinants of firm performance, including the role of the business environment. She has also worked on professional services in Africa and on agglomeration of manufacturing industries in India. Recently her work has focused on the impact evaluation of trade-related policy interventions (such as export promotion and customs reforms) as well as on exporter growth and dynamics and how it is linked to development and affected by policies. Since 2011 she has been managing the Exporter Dynamics Database project. She received her M.A., M. Phil., and Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University and a B.A. from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.