SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES1. The scope of the consultancy is divided into four broad tasks as described below. The tasks are expected to take place partly simultaneously; rather than sequentially.S. No.Broad OutputsTask ANetwork Level Climate and Disaster Risks AssessmentTask BDevelopment of Climate Resilience and Green Growth StrategyTask CDesign Guidelines for Climate-Resilient Roads and BridgesTask DCapacity Building and Knowledge Dissemination Task A: Network-level climate and disaster risks assessment 2. As per IPCC AR5[1]; climate risk assessment is a function of hazard (h); exposure (e); and vulnerability (v); R(h*e*v); wherein vulnerability is again a function of sensitivity (s) and adaptive capacity (a); V = (s*a). This study would try to follow the same approach as far as possible keeping in mind the possible data gaps.i. Understanding the multi-hazard profile of the Road network - As a first step; the consultant should undertake research through secondary sources on work/ data/ information available on multi-hazard modelling (climate hazard or natural hazards) for this category of network or the geographical area including obtain maps and other secondary data from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority; Department of Geology; Department of Hydrology and Meteorology; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; report on Climate-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment under CARE program; and other sources to collate all scientific and historical evidence and dataset to define hazard prone areas. Based on this; the consultant will develop an understanding of the climate-induced hazards/ profiling across Nepal’s provincial and local road network. This component should be drawn in consultations with Department of Local Infrastructure (DoLI); Provincial and Local Governments; and other relevant stakeholders (to be identified by the consultant) and collect all preliminary data; maps and information from the previous and ongoing activities/ projects and adopt for the purpose of identifying the risk prone areas/ hotspots.ii. Selection of 1000 km road network for study – Based on the findings of multi-hazard profile of the Nepal provincial and local network; and in consultation with the key stakeholders; road links identified during preparation of PTMP (Provincial Transport Masterplan) and past studies; the consultant shall select 1000 km of road stretches from the three provinces and municipalities (including bridges and other critical transport infrastructures such that it has a good representation covering different geography (plain; hilly; mountains); different climatic zones (tropical; subtropical; temperate; subalpine; alpine; and tundra) and covering different hazard type; to be discussed and agreed in consultation with the Bank. It should also cover different categories of roads -provincial; local; tourism roads; roads connecting to agricultural hubs/ important markets; industrial corridors; critical infrastructures such as hospitals; educational institutions; etc. Additionally; the team should ensure that the selection also cover the significant climate-induced hazards that the roads of the state often face. iii. Primary data collectiona. Drone videography – Drone survey shall be conducted for about a tenth of the selected road links; adding up to the 100 km; which seem vulnerable from hydrological analysis and map overlays. The survey shall comprise of: * Establishment of Ground Control Points with DGPS in UTM Projection System at 300 m to 500 m interval intervisible from one another; and total station traverse if required for this. * Capturing images from 50 m to 60 m above the ground surface with at least 70% front overlap and generally covering 100 m on either side of the road centreline but shifting towards the hillside up to hill crest at known landslides. * Processing; mosaicking and orthorectifying of the drone captured images with reference to the Ground Control Points. The orthorectified images shall be accurate for 1:5;000 scale maps. * Generation of drone imaginary for the whole stretch as well as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for about 25% vulnerable section of the stretch from the captured data. * Generation of indicative contours at 1.0 m interval for about 25% vulnerable section of the stretch. b. Physical verification - The most vulnerable locations identified from the drone survey; hydrological analysis and map overlays shall be visited by the Consultant’s team for physical verification.* 3D-images shall be generated for the verified most vulnerable locations for future planning and monitoring.* Field investigation for systemic vulnerability (climate vulnerability of transport system; services; operations comprising critical lifelines and their physical interaction/ linkage; traffic management; disaster risk management etc on the road links) shall be conducted.[1] IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report 5