|
This
paper presents estimates of six dimensions of
governance covering 199 countries and territories
for four time periods: 1996, 1998, 2000, and
2002. These indicators are based on several
hundred individual variables measuring perceptions
of governance, drawn from 25 separate data sources
constructed by 18 different organizations. We
assign these individual measures of governance
to categories capturing key dimensions of governance,
and use an unobserved components model to construct
six aggregate governance indicators in each
of the four periods. We present the point estimates
of the dimensions of governance as well as the
margins of error for each country for the four
periods. We have also prepared a powerpoint
presentation and a brief synthesis paper, which
can also be downloaded from this page.
The
governance indicators reported here are an update
and expansion of our previous work, part of
a research project on indicators initiated in
1998 (Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido-Lobatón
1999a,b and 2002). We also address various methodological
issues, including the interpretation and use
of the data given the estimated margins of error.
Read
the July 9, 2003 World Bank Press Release as
well as other reviews and feedback on this work.
View
RealPlayer webcast of the May 11, 2003 presentation
on Governance Matters III (D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay
and M. Mastruzzi).
Note:
The updated indicators for 1996–2004, available
in May 2005, supersede the previously posted
indicators for 1996-2002 and can be accessed here.
Access
previous papers on Governance Indicators: Governance
Matters (1999), Aggregating
Governance Indicators (1999) and Growth
Without Governance (2002).
|
