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Monitoring & Evaluation Tools, Methods and Approaches
Download paper: in English; Arabic; French; Portuguese; Russian; Spanish

Annual Report on Operations EvaluationGovernment officials, development managers and civil society are increasingly aware of the value of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of development activities. M&E provides a better means of learning from past experience, improving service delivery, planning and allocating resources, and demonstrating results as part of accountability to key stakeholders. Yet there is often confusion about what M&E entails. This booklet therefore presents a sample of M&E tools, methods and approaches, including several data collection methods, analytical frameworks, and types of evaluation and review. For each of these, a summary is provided of the following: their purpose and use; advantages and disadvantages; costs, skills, and time required; and key references. The booklet discusses:

Performance indicators
The logical framework (logframe) approach
Theory-based evaluation
Formal surveys
Rapid appraisal methods
Participatory methods
Public expenditure tracking surveys
Impact evaluation
Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis

This second edition of the M&E booklet includes an expanded discussion of various types of impact evaluation. The booklet is available in English, Arabic, French, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): Some Tools, Methods and Approaches

See also What is Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)?

Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management are presented in English, Chinese, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish.

Conducting Quality Impact Evaluations Under Budget, Time and Data Constraints

Impact Evaluation - The Experience of the Independent Evaluation Group of the World Bank

And also An Assessment of the Impact of Bangalore Citizen Report Cards on the Performance of Public Agencies

See also the website on IEG's Evaluation Tools and Approaches

See also Influential Evaluations

And IEG’s Impact Evaluation and Evaluation Training websites



The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is an independent unit within the World Bank; it reports directly to the Bank's Board of Executive Directors. The goals of IEG 's evaluations are to draw lessons from Bank experience, and to provide an objective basis for assessing the results of the Bank's work.

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