Việt Nam

The overall objective of the Results-Based Rural Water Supply and Sanitation under the National Target Program Project is to improve the living conditions of the ru... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + ral population by increasing access to water supply and sanitation, raising awareness to change sanitation behavior, and mitigating environmental pollution. Negative impacts include: wastage including the hazardous wastage, control of dust, noise pollution, vibration, worker safety, and sanitation impacts. Mitigation measure includes: 1) provide guidelines on and distributes safe rural drinking water and hygienic latrine standards; 2) provide health facilities with direction on public, household, and personal hygiene; 3) the program places a strong emphasis on commune-wide sanitation, and disbursements are linked to the achievement of a high rate of both domestic and institutional sanitation coverage in targeted communes with a view to achieving positive public health outcomes; and 4) there is adequate legal framework for the protection of public and worker safety against potential risks from exposure to dangers in the workplace or from operations of facilities. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Preventable diseases resulting from poor hygiene behavior are responsible for a tremendous disease burden among the world's poor, especially infants and children un... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + der five. Washing hands with soap has been shown to reduce diarrhea in young children by as much as 48 percent, and is frequently referred to as among the most effective and inexpensive ways to avert child deaths. Handwashing campaigns employing a range of methods are common in developing countries, but little is known about the effectiveness of these campaigns in getting people to wash their hands with soap. The improvements in handwashing behavior reported by caregivers were not sufficient to result in impacts on child health or reductions in time spent caring for sick children. Television ads and face-to-face communication spread handwashing with soap campaign messages to mothers and caregivers. The handwashing campaign messages were delivered through two main channels. These included television ads at the regional and national level that ran for a year starting in January 2010, and interpersonal communication. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Vietnam's rapid and sustained economic growth and poverty reduction in the last two decades benefitted from the policy and legal reforms embodied in the Land Laws o... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + f 1987, 1993 and 2003 and subsequent related legal acts. This note outlines reforms related to four main themes. The first relates to the needed reform for agriculture land use to create opportunity to enhance effectiveness of land use as well as to secure farmers' rights in land use. Prolonging the duration of agricultural land tenure would give land users greater incentives to invest and care for the land. Raising the land holding ceiling and allowing greater land accumulation would facilitate greater economies of scale, and extending the rights of agricultural land users to alter the land use purpose will further improve efficiency. This scope for more flexible land use will become increasingly important in the context of climate change, with farmers needing to make a range of adjustments based upon expected weather patterns and the associated risks. The second set of priority reforms is to create transparent and equitable land acquisition and compensation by the State. Limiting the use of compulsory land acquisition only to cases for the public's benefit would similarly give land users more fairness and more confidence in their rights related to land. By relying predominantly on voluntary land conversions, there would also be a stronger sense of equity in those cases when land users actually do lose their land. Changing the focus of land compensation pricing (in cases of compulsory land acquisition), and introducing innovations such as benefit sharing, land pooling and land readjustment are also essential for generating a sense of fairness. Creating an efficient grievance redress mechanism at the investment project level would reduce complaints, speed up project implementation and facilitate social stability. A third set of priority reforms is that the land law should offer the opportunity to reaffirm and strengthen the land use rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, the poor and ethnic minority communities. Land management oversight can be made more efficient by amending the land management decentralization and building monitoring and evaluation systems. Expanding the coverage of Land Use Rights Certificates (LURCs) and ensuring the rights and benefits of the land users would further help improve efficiency and fairness. Finally, the fourth set of priority reforms is aimed at making the governance system more effective and accountable. Developing a more flexible and effective land planning management system, and improving transparency of land and anti-corruption in land management are all needed to take Vietnam's land governance system closer to that worthy of a middle income country. Hiển thị ít hơn -

This brief includes the following headings: what is an Eco2 city? A city based approach; a platform for collaborative design and decision making; a one-system app... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + roach; an investment framework that values sustainability and resilience; strengthening the cities' long term vision; strengthening the underlying planning systems; catalyst programs and projects; Eco2 cities application in Vietnam: piloting Charrettes in Ho Chi Minh City and Hai Phong to better integrate transport and land-use planning; what is a Charrette? And the challenge; responded to the challenge; and sharing the knowledge. Hiển thị ít hơn -

The authorities' determined implementation of stabilization measures over the past year has helped to avert a macroeconomic crisis. If the deterioration of the macr... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + oeconomic environment in 2010-11 was rapid, the improvement in the situation in the past twelve months has been equally swift. Regaining macroeconomic stability has been costly, but not stabilizing the economy would have led to even bigger losses. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth has decelerated from 6.8 percent in 2010 to 5.9 percent in 2011, and further to 4 percent in the first quarter of 2012 as higher prices has lowered domestic demand, affecting sectors such as construction, manufacturing and utilities. Industrial production has slowed, inventory for key industrial products has accumulated, and a number of small and medium enterprises have either closed, been liquidated or temporarily suspended their operations. While the stabilization efforts may have contributed to a cyclical slowdown, Vietnam's trend growth rate has been on a downward path for the last 5-6 years, largely on account of the slow pace of structural reforms. Inefficiencies in state-owned enterprises, banks and public investments have been a drag on the country's long-term growth potential. With gains from macroeconomic stabilization still recent and fragile, especially in an external environment that is fraught with uncertainty, the government needs to be careful not to shift to an expansionary stance prematurely. Hiển thị ít hơn -