Thailand

The objective of the Small Scale Livestock Waste Management Program Project in Thailand is to reduce methane emissions from improved livestock waste management practices... Show More + through a carbon finance transaction between the World Bank and the project sponsor and serve as a demonstration for other livestock producers. Assessment of impact cause by the project on indigenous people shows that most impacts result from a farm's land use. Indigenous people have long before possessed such land or have benefited from natural resource on such land although they have no documentation declaring its ownership that is issued by government agency. Moreover, another impact is an opportunity to access information when comparing to other people groups of the community in the area due to distinct identity on culture, tradition, language, religion or beliefs, etc. Implementation of the indigenous people will be regularly supervised and monitored by project implementation unit (PIU) staff and representatives of relevant local authorities at the provincial and district levels. The findings and recommendations will be recorded in quarterly reports and to be furnished to project management unit (PMU) and the World Bank office in Thailand. Show Less -

The objective of the Bio Energy Wastewater Management and Methane Capture for Electricity Project for Thailand is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through: (i)... Show More + the avoidance of methane emissions from the wastewater treatment system of the ethanol plant; and (ii) the displacement of electricity produced from fossil fuel to electricity from methane collected from the new wastewater treatment system. Negative measures include: soil resources, geology, drainage and flood control, waste management, air quality, water quality, and noise level. Mitigation measures include: a) construction of a pond to store water, including rain water, that will be used to mix the pre-treated wastewater to correct the potassium content to allow methagenic bacterial activities; b) construction of polishing pond that stores the treated wastewater prior to application in the field as liquid fertilizer; c) imposing time constraints for works (works in the course of daytime (e.g. 7am to 5pm). Establish schedules and/or other forms of specific limitations for works; and d) composting of sludge from concentrated wastewater with mud press for use as organic fertilizer. Show Less -

The objective of the Additional Financing for the Highways Management Project for Thailand is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results... Show More + in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Some of the negative impacts and their mitigation measures of the project are as follows: 1) shop owners will be assisted in dismantling and rebuilding their shops in a new location to be prepared by Department of Highway (DOH) outside the right of way (ROW), under this arrangement, the shop owners will not experience any stoppage in their operation, thereby averting impact on the affected people's livelihood. It is estimated that the replacement cost for mobile shop is 6,590 baht and the immobile shop is 9,660 baht; 2) all of the farmers will be informed before the planting seasons so that the negative impacts to the farmers can be avoided further more; 3) affected people will be fully consulted and given the opportunity to participate in matters that will have adverse impacts on their living during the implementation of the project; 4) existing cultural and religious shall be respected and, to the extent possible preserved; 5) appropriate monitoring mechanism will be identified; and 6) the summary of resettlement mitigation plan will be translated in Thai and placed in sub-district and village offices for the information of affected people and other interested groups. Show Less -

The objective of the Sapthip Wastewater Biogas and Renewable Energy Project for Thailand is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the fossil fuel used at the Sapthip... Show More + Co., Ltd. bioethanol plant and from the methane produced from the plant's wastewater through the recovery of methane from wastewater treatment and the use of the recovered methane and solid residue from plant operation as fuel. There are two components to the project, the first component being wastewater system with biogas collection. The system will recover and combust the biogas, the majority of which is methane (CH4), a greenhouse gases that, without the project, will have been released directly into the atmosphere by the open-lagoon wastewater treatment systems commonly used in Thailand. The wastewater undergoes a staged treatment process that relies on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors to generate and capture most of the methane-containing biogas used in the project. Finally, the second component is the renewable energy use. Two 20-ton-per-hour-capacity boilers will be employed to supply the average of 20 tons per hour of steam required for the ethanol plant and to provide sufficient backup capacity in cases of plant shutdown or maintenance. Instead of being dependent on the fossil fuel coal, the boilers will utilize a combination of renewable energy, including the biogas recovered from the wastewater treatment process (58,000 cubic meters per day) and the solid residue ('wet cake') from the distillation column which is dried using waste heat from the boiler (30 tons per day). It is anticipated the boiler will rely on 70 percent biogas and 30 percent wet cake for energy. Excess biogas produced during operation will be used for on-site electricity generation using commercially available biogas-fired generators, reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the substitution for fossil fuel based grid electricity that will have been used by the plant without the project. Show Less -

The objective of the Additional Financing for the Highways Management Project for Thailand is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results... Show More + in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Negative measures include: traffic congestion and safety; soil erosion and flooding during wet season; nuisance noise during the construction; removal and transplanting tree; deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and dust generation during dry season. Mitigation measures include: a) construction equipment will be equipped with engine silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise level ; b) the construction materials and wastes will be removed from the construction area as soon as possible; c) the equipment and machinery will be regularly checked and malfunction observed will be corrected accordingly; d) pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem; e) stockpiles of construction materials shall be covered or sprinkled to prevent dust nuisance; and f) grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown after the shoulder is filled and compacted to protect the soil surface instantly. Show Less -

The objective of the Additional Financing for the Highways Management Project for Thailand is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results... Show More + in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Negative measures include: traffic congestion and safety; soil erosion and flooding during wet season; nuisance noise during the construction; removal and transplanting tree; deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and dust generation during dry season. Mitigation measures include: a) construction equipment will be equipped with engine silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise level ; b) the construction materials and wastes will be removed from the construction area as soon as possible; c) the equipment and machinery will be regularly checked and malfunction observed will be corrected accordingly; d) pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem; e) stockpiles of construction materials shall be covered or sprinkled to prevent dust nuisance; and f) grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown after the shoulder is filled and compacted to protect the soil surface instantly. Show Less -

The objective of the Additional Financing for the Highways Management Project for Thailand is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results... Show More + in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Negative measures include: traffic congestion and safety; soil erosion and flooding during wet season; nuisance noise during the construction; removal and transplanting tree; deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and dust generation during dry season. Mitigation measures include: a) construction equipment will be equipped with engine silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise level ; b) the construction materials and wastes will be removed from the construction area as soon as possible; c) the equipment and machinery will be regularly checked and malfunction observed will be corrected accordingly; d) pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem; e) stockpiles of construction materials shall be covered or sprinkled to prevent dust nuisance; and f) grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown after the shoulder is filled and compacted to protect the soil surface instantly. Show Less -