Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: Standards & Technologies for Controlling Emissions
Asif Faiz, Christopher S. Weaver and Michael P. Walsh. 1990. World Bank, Washington, DC.
- This handbook presents a state-of-the-art review of vehicle emission standards and testing procedures and attempts to synthesize worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrialized and developing countries. It is one in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport development that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Roads and the Environment: A Handbook
Koji Tsunokawa and Christopher Hoban (editors). 1997. Technical Paper No. 376, World Bank, Washington, DC.
- The objective of this handbook is to provide a description of practical methods which are useful in designing and executing effective environmental assessments (EAs) to those who are involved in various aspects of road projects, from planning to construction to maintenance. This handbook is primarily concerned with specific road projects, ranging from major works on new alignments to minor rehabilitation and maintenance activities on existing roads. The techniques discussed can be applied to in-depth environmental assessment studies, or to modest action plans for dealing with environmental aspects of small projects. As EA practitioners are by no means the only set of participants in the EA process, this handbook is not limited to their exclusive use. People representing the project proponents, government agencies, NGOs, research groups, and community organizations, as well as any others whose input is desired in both the project development and EA processes, are all intended handbook users.
This handbook consists of two parts. Part I provides an overview of the EA process in the context of road planning and construction and also describes the detailed methodological steps of the EA process, as they apply to specific projects being planned. Part II provides a more detailed, in-depth discussion of each of the major factors involved in environmental assessment, including impact mitigation, of road projects. Each chapter covers one component of the environment and provide a description of possible impacts, the nature and scale of the impacts, and some practical information on common mitigation options. This is followed in each chapter by a checklist which suggests common ways of minimizing the impacts on the component. Each chapter ends with a list of information sources which users may want to refer to for more details.
Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline: Worldwide Experience and Policy Implications
Magda Lovei. 1998. Technical Paper No. 397, Pollution Management Series, World Bank, Washington, DC.
- Human exposure to lead represents a serious environmental health problem in many urban areas. Based on a review of health and technical issues, this report points out that the phase-out of lead from gasoline is a desirable policy measure which can yield significant social benefits Country experiences worldwide, however, indicate that political commitment, supporting policies, coordination among various sectors and stakeholders, and public understanding and support are necessary elements of successful lead phaseout. The report underlines the World Bank's catalytic role in building government commitment, adopting appropriate policies, and facilitating the implementation of lead phaseout.
Sustainable Transport: Priorities for Policy Reform
Kenneth Gwilliam and Zmarak Shalizi. 1996. Development in Practice Series, World Bank, Washington, DC.
During the last twenty-five years, detailed policy studies have been prepared for specific subsectors, such as urban transport (1986), and on specific topics, such as road maintenance (1988). However, since 1972, there has been no review of the transport sector as a whole. During this period, and in the last decade in particular, rapid changes in the global economy have increased the need for greater-flexibility and reliability in transport services, growing individual aspirations for more access and mobility have generated the need for a greater variety of transport services, and growing social concerns about the degradation of the environment have increased the need to evaluate transport strategies more
carefully. The Bank has already responded to some of these changing needs both at the project level, for example, by introducing the environmental assessment of projects, and at the policy level, for example by expanding the role of competitive markets in transport.
The purpose of this document is to distill the lessons of Bank experience and relate them to the emerging problems of developing and transitional economies. There is a wide diversity of problems and experience; no simple solution fits all countries. But there are some generally applicable principles and best practices which can be identified as the basis of a policy for more sustainable transport.
Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe: Health Issues, Feasibility and Policies.
Magda Lovei (editor). 1997. World Bank, Washington, DC.
- Available from the World Bank Infoshop. Email: pic@worldbank.org
Fax: (202) 522-1500, Phone: (202) 458-5454 (To check availability of titles at the InfoShop: (202) 458-4500).
Why Lead Should be Removed from Gasoline.
Environment Department Dissemination Note No. 32. 1995. World Bank, Washington, DC.
- Available from ESSD Advisory Service, E-mail: Eadvisor@Worldbank.Org.
Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion.
National Research Council. 1993. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. ISBN 0309042690.
- Available through regular library services or purchase from a major bookstore.
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