The health equity and financial
protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and
financial protection in the health sectors of low-and
middle-income countries.... Show More +
Topics covered include:
inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health
care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial
protection; and the progressivity of health care financing.
The tables in this report show how health outcomes, risky
behaviors and health care utilization vary across asset
(wealth) quintiles and periods. The quintiles are based on
an asset index constructed using principal components
analysis. Benefit-Incidence Analysis (BIA) shows whether,
and by how much, government health expenditure
disproportionately benefits the poor. The distribution of
subsidies depends on the assumptions made to allocate
subsidies to households. Under the constant unit cost
assumption, each unit of utilization is assumed to cost the
same and is equal to total costs incurred in delivering this
type of service divided by the number of units of utilization. Show Less -
Type: Brief
Report#: 72017
Date: August 22, 2012
This study analyzes opportunities for
children in Cote d'Ivoire, where opportunities refer to
access to basic services and goods that improve the
likelihood of a child... Show More +
maximizing his or her human potential.
The principle that guides this analysis is one of equality
of opportunity, which is that a child's circumstances
at birth should not determine his or her access to
opportunities. The analysis computes the Human Opportunity
Index, which measures the extent to which access to basic
services is universal and evenly distributed among children
of different circumstances. Opportunities are limited in
Cote d'Ivoire, despite some improvements in access to
electricity and timely access to primary education.
Otherwise, trends on access remain stagnant. Scale effects
(variations across the board) are behind these trends, with
little improvement observed from equalizing interventions.
Circumstances such as region and household head
characteristics affect a child's access to
opportunities, while household incomes and a child's
gender and ethnicity play a relatively small role in access
differentials. Public spending on education opportunities is
shown to be regressive and pro-rich, especially when
analyzed across the distribution of circumstances rather
than acroos income level.The groups of children that are
particularly behind in terms of educational opportunities
are those whose household heads lack primary education and
reside in rural areas. Closing the enrollment gap of these
children should be a priority for targeted educational
interventions. However, improving opportunities may require
more than a single type of intervention: opportunities with
low coverage may need to be scaled up, while those with
large inequalities of access may require equalizing interventions. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS6048
Date: April 1, 2012
Author:
Abras, Ana ;
Narayan, Ambar ;
Cuesta, Jose ;
Hoyos, Alejandro
Cote d'Ivoire is the second largest
economy in West Africa, accounting for almost 40 percent of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the 8-member West African
economic monetary... Show More +
union. Cote d'Ivoire's large
share of youth population (41 percent of the country
population is younger than 15 years old) provides a window
of opportunity for high growth and poverty reduction-the
demographic dividend. Gender equality and women's
empowerment are important for improving reproductive health.
Greater human capital for women will not translate into
greater reproductive choice if women lack access to
reproductive health services. It is thus important to ensure
that health systems provide a basic package of reproductive
health services, including family planning. Show Less -
Type: Brief
Report#: 62933
Date: April 22, 2011
A large proportion of Ivorian children
must grow up in the absence of one or both birth parents. In
all, 13 percent of children aged 0-14 years of age are
orphans, the... Show More +
second highest orphan rate in the West Africa
region. There is also a large group of children, accounting
for about 15 percent of total 5-14 year-olds, who are
fostered, i.e., children who are not orphans but nonetheless
live in a separate household from their parents. This
country brief explores the effects of orphan hood and
fostering on child vulnerability. Evidence is presented
indicating that orphan hood increases child vulnerability on
two fronts: it makes it much more likely that a child is
denied schooling and much more likely that a child is
exposed to the dangers of work. The death of one parent
makes it five percentage points more likely that a child
works full-time in economic activity and seven percentage
points less likely that a child attends school full-time.
Becoming a foster child has an even stronger effect on child
vulnerability, making it nine percentage points less likely
that a child attends school and almost seven percentage
points more likely that he or she works full-time,
underscoring the fact that this group also merits policy attention. Show Less -
Type: Working Paper
Report#: 43900
Date: September 1, 2004
Author:
Guarcello, L ;
Rosati, F.C. ;
Lyon, S
This report analyzes the equity effects
of public subsidization of private schools in Cote
d'Ivoire, updates previous analyses, and attempts to
assess how efficiently... Show More +
public spending is targeted. The
subsidy per student in private (and public) schools
increases at higher quintiles. Students from families in the
highest quintile receive more than twice the subsidy
received by students from families in the lowest quintile,
compared with four times more in the case of students
attending public schools. However, the subsidy system is
progressive as there is a clear tendency for the share of
family education expenditure covered by subsidies to decline
at higher quintiles. This element of progressivity is
stronger in the case of private school attendance. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS3231
Date: March 1, 2004
Author:
Sakellariou, Chris; Patrinos, Harry Anthony
Voucher programs consist of three
simultaneous reforms: (1) allowing parents to choose
schools, (2) creating intense incentives for schools to
increase enrollment, and... Show More +
(3) granting schools management
autonomy to respond to demand. As a result, voucher
advocates and critics tend to talk past each other. A
principal-agent framework clarifies the argument for
education vouchers. Central findings from the literature,
including issues related to variance in the performance
measure, risk aversion, the productivity of more effort,
multiple tasks, and the value of monitoring are found
relevant for an analysis of vouchers. An assessment of
findings on voucher programs in industrial countries, as
well as a review of voucher or quasi-voucher experiences in
Bangladesh, Chile, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, and the
Czech Republic support the usefulness of the analytic
framework. The authors conclude that vouchers for basic
education in developing countries can enhance outcomes when
they are limited to modest numbers of poor students in urban
settings, particularly in conjunction with existing private
schools with surplus capacity. The success of more ambitious
voucher programs depends on an institutional infrastructure
challenging to industrial and developing countries alike. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS3005
Date: March 31, 2003
Author:
Gauri, Varun ;
Vawda, Ayesha
The International Labor Organization
(ILO) estimates that in developing countries alone there are
some 250 million children between the ages of five and 14
years who... Show More +
work. For 120 million of them, work is a full-time
activity. Although child work occurs in all parts of the
world, it is in Africa where a child is most likely to be
involved in work and where child work is growing most
rapidly. ILO estimates that the 80 million African child
workers today could surge to 100 million by 2015. This paper
looks at African child work in the context of Cote
d'Ivoire. It aims at providing a brief overview of the
various dimensions of the child work phenomenon in the
country - its extent and nature, its causes and
consequences, and national legislation and policies adopted
to address it. Show Less -
Type: Working Paper
Report#: 43867
Date: March 1, 2002
Author:
Lyon, S. ;
Francavilla, F.
The importance of an appropriate legal
framework reflecting the cultural, sociopolitical, and
economic circumstances of a country is now widely considered
to be an important... Show More +
element in the development process. The
latest recognition of this link may be found in the
Comprehensive Development Framework adopted by the World
Bank, where the second pillar underscores the fact that no
equitable development is possible without, among other
things, an effective system of property, contract, labor,
bankruptcy, commercial codes, personal rights laws, and
other elements of a comprehensive legal system. This study
presents a historical perspective of legal reform programs
in Africa, especially after the post-independence period. It
then reviews the experience to be discerned from World
Bank-financed legal reform projects in Africa, which have
the primary objective of promoting private sector
development. It focuses primarily on legislative reform,
that is, reform of substantive laws and subsidiary
legislation, and activities designed to ensure the
appropriate application of the new texts, such as capacity
building and strengthening of legal institutions, including
the ministries responsible for justice, the judiciary, and
the legal profession. Show Less -
Type: Publication
Report#: 20377
Date: April 30, 2000
Author:
Ofusu-Amaah, W. Paatii
This paper analyzes the determinants of
child labor in Africa as inferred from recent empirical
studies. The empirical analysis is based upon three country
studies undertaken... Show More +
in three different African countries,
namely Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Zambia. Some support
is found for the popular belief of poverty as a determinant
of child labor, however other determinants are of similar
importance. Among school costs, transportation costs have
the greatest effect on child labor and school attendance,
whereas the hypothesis of imperfect capital markets and that
of household composition generally find some support.
Section 2 examines contributions, which explain child labor
from the standpoint of economics literature, and derives
three specific hypotheses to be tested in the empirical
analysis. Section 3 presents some empirical evidence of the
extent and the determinants of child labor and school
attendance in Africa. The three hypotheses are tested based
on evidence from the three African countries. Section 4
concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of
the analysis, and puts the findings in perspective of the
challenge of developing effective policy interventions. Show Less -
Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series)
Report#: 20456
Date: July 31, 1999
Author:
Canagarajah, Sudharshan ;
Nielsen, Helena Skyt
Cote d'Ivoire spends more of its
budget (42 percent) on education than any other country in
the world. The purpose of this paper is to present an
economic assessment... Show More +
of vocational and technical education
(VTE) within the country. This assessment takes a
three-pronged approach. First, it studies the impact of VTE
on earnings, analyzes the role of VTE in gaining access to
different types of jobs and third, examines the cost
structures of both formal and informal VTE such as
out-of-pocket costs, opportunity costs and institutional
costs. As part of this presentation, the paper also
discusses the household survey which is the main data source
for the analysis. In addition, it describes the general
education sector in Cote d'Ivoire, the formal system of
vocational and technical education, the system of informal
apprenticeships and the Bank's involvement in the
education sector in the country. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS19
Date: June 30, 1988
Author:
Grootaert, Christiaan
Because base salaries for teachers in
Cote d'Ivoire are higher than wages of workers in other
occupations, there is some question about whether teachers
are overpaid.... Show More +
This paper used multivariate analysis based on
the monthly wage rate functions to investigate the
differences between teachers and other occupations. It was
found that the base salaries for teachers contained an
economic rent component, largely due to the wage setting
behaviour of the Ivorian government. This salary premium
disappears, however, when the total renumeration package is
considered, i.e. including in-kind benefits, bonuses and
commissions, which are more widely received by non-teachers.
Policymakers should thus be cautious when considering budget
cuts that would lower teachers salaries, cuts certain to
make the teaching profession less attractive. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS12
Date: June 30, 1988
Author:
Komenan, Andre ;
Grootaert, Christiaan
The following two papers present an
analysis of wage determinants in Cote d'Ivoire, using
the standard Mincerian framework. The data used stem from
the Cote d'Ivoire... Show More +
Living Standards Survey, conducted in
1985. This survey collected information on 1600 households.
The sample consists of the 514 individuals in these
households who reported a wage earning job during the seven
days prior to the interview. The first paper uses the total
sample and addresses the issues of credentialism and returns
to years of schooling, by type of school. In the regressions
that do not include variables to represent school diplomas,
we find an unusual result: rates of return to one year of
additional schooling increase with the level of schooling.
When diplomas acquired are added to the equation, the high
returns to an additional year of schooling decrease
substantially while the diplomas show a large impact on the
wage rate. This suggests the existence of a certain amount
of credentialism in the Ivorian sector. The second paper
reports the results for public and private workers
separately. The overall dominance of public over private
wages vanishes once the selection process is taken into
account. Public wages are still somewhat higher for better
educated workers. Show Less -
Type: Publication
Report#: LSM33
Date: May 31, 1988
Author:
van der Gaag, Jacques ;
Vijverberg, Wim
This report evaluates the past
performance of Ivory Coast's economy to identify trends
which may have relevance for the future. It also addresses
the questions of whether... Show More +
it is possible or desirable to
extend the development approach and policies used so far,
whether modifications are required in the context of
government objectives and if so, what the nature and extent
of such modifications should be. Show Less -
Type: Pre-2003 Economic or Sector Report
Report#: 1147
Date: February 28, 1977
