Injecting Drug Use and AIDS in Developing Countries:
Determinants and Issues for Policy Consideration

Kara S. Riehman
Center for the Study of Population
Florida State University

Background paper for the Policy Research Report Confronting AIDS
World Bank, Policy Research Department
October 1996

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Table of Contents Introduction Levels of HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Users Asia Latin America Africa Role of IDUs in Introducing HIV into the General Population Patterns of Drug Use in Developing Countries Factors that Facilitate the Spread of HIV Among Injecting Drug Users Interventions to Reduce HIV Among IDUs Issues for Policy Consideration Conclusion Appendix 1. WHO Multi-City Study on Drug Injecting and Risk of HIV Infection References Footnotes

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Acknowledgments: I would like to thank the following people for providing direction, information and comments for this paper: Martha Ainsworth, World Bank; David Sly, Florida State University; Clyde McCoy, James Inciardi and Dale Chitwood, University of Miami Medical College; Samuel Friedman, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.; Francisco Bastos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil; Gerry Stimson, Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour; Andrew Ball, World Health Organization; Barbara Torrey, National Research Council; Moruf Adelekan, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Julia Dayton, Yale University; and Hnin Hnin Pyne, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health.

The World Bank Development Economics Development Research Group