Public Sector Management and Institutions (Cluster D) also referred to as the Governance Cluster—covers property rights and rule-based governance; quality of budgetary and financial management; efficiency of revenue mobilization; quality of public administration; and transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector. The year 2022 was tested by multiple crises, including increased climate-related disasters and fallout from the war in Ukraine. These stresses are reflected in the sustained low average score for Cluster D, which remained at 2.9 for the Africa region in 2022, the same level as the previous three years.
The Governance Cluster has been the lowest among all the clusters, and governments need to pay attention to reforms to improve public sector management and institutions, which is vital for economic growth and development. Good governance and a robust social contract provide the foundation for sustainable development by fostering stability, accountability, efficiency, and investor confidence.