Wholesale competition introduces market-driven mechanisms for electricity generation, determining generator dispatch and wholesale pricing through either organized markets or bilateral contracts with large consumers, such as supply companies and industries. Regardless of the trading mechanism, system operators ensure market security, congestion management, and reliability. Many countries implement a mix of these approaches.
Explore the market configurations below, classified as Vertically Integrated Utility (VIU), Single Buyer Model (SBM), and different forms of Wholesale Competition (WC). Use the year, economy, and region filters to refine your view. Hover over an economy for more details and click the tabs above to switch to the retail market structure view.