A global benchmark of port performance based on vessel time in port
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The Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) provides a consistent, data-driven measure of global port efficiency by focusing on vessel time in port. It enables comparisons across ports and over time, helping identify where performance is improving and where challenges remain.
The sixth edition of the CPPI offers a comparative global assessment of container port performance, drawing on the most recent full year of data and reviewing trends across multiple years. By combining complementary approaches, the index provides a robust and balanced measure of performance across ports of different sizes and operating conditions.
An updated methodological note, applied from 2024 onward, provides further detail on how results are calculated and interpreted.
Key Findings and Trends
CPPI results reflect broader developments in global supply chains. In recent years, disruptions linked to geopolitical tensions and climate-related constraints—such as the Red Sea crisis and reduced transit through the Panama Canal—have contributed to renewed congestion and operational inefficiencies in ports worldwide.
These impacts vary across regions. While some regions have demonstrated strong recovery from earlier disruptions, others continue to face structural challenges, including limited infrastructure and weaker connectivity.
As a result, changes in CPPI scores should be interpreted in the context of global shipping conditions, rather than as the outcome of port performance alone
The Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) is a global benchmark that measures how efficiently ports handle container ships. It focuses on the total time ships spend in port, providing a consistent and comparable measure of port performance across countries and regions.
Produced annually by the World Bank Group in partnership with S&P Global Market Intelligence, the CPPI helps governments, port authorities, and the private sector understand how ports are performing and where improvements can be made.
Port performance has a direct impact on trade, costs, and economic growth. Efficient ports reduce delays, lower shipping costs, and improve supply chain reliability—making it easier for countries to connect to global markets.
Inefficient ports can increase prices, disrupt supply chains, and limit competitiveness, particularly for developing economies that depend on trade. Faster turnaround times also reduce fuel consumption and emissions, contributing to more sustainable maritime transport.
The CPPI measures the total time a container ship spends in port, including time waiting and time at berth. It is based on detailed vessel movement data and reflects actual port operations across global shipping networks.
The index combines multiple analytical approaches to produce a consistent and comparable score across ports of different sizes and operating conditions. A dedicated methodological note provides further detail on the data sources, assumptions, and methods used to calculate the index.
CPPI rankings are intended as a diagnostic tool to highlight differences in port performance and identify opportunities for improvement. They are not intended to assign blame or make judgments about countries or ports.
Results can be influenced by external factors beyond the control of port authorities, such as global supply chain disruptions, shipping route changes, weather events, or geopolitical developments. Rankings should therefore be interpreted in context, alongside broader trends.
The CPPI reflects broader developments in global supply chains and maritime transport. Changes in scores over time can indicate periods of stress or recovery, such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical disruptions, or climate-related constraints.
By tracking performance over multiple years, the CPPI helps identify patterns in port efficiency, resilience, and regional variation, providing insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders.
The CPPI can be used by governments, port authorities, and private sector stakeholders to identify performance gaps, prioritize investments, and guide operational improvements.
It also supports policy dialogue and technical assistance by providing an objective, data-driven benchmark. Over time, the index can help track progress and assess the impact of reforms on port performance.
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