This validation of the World Bank Group’s (WBG) Completion and Learning
Review (CLR) for the Republic of Liberia covers the Country Partnership Framework
(CPF) for fiscal years (FY)19-24, as updated in...
Type: CPF Completion and Learning Review ValidationReport#: 201520Date: May 14, 2025Author:
World Bank
Climate change is increasingly evident across Southern and Eastern Africa, bringing higher temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, more extreme weather, and sometimes catastrophic events. These impacts...
Type: ReportReport#: 201345Date: May 13, 2025Author:
Canpolat, Ezgi ;
Berry, Joanna de ;
Davis, Marion ;
Brown, Rory
The value-added tax (VAT) has proved to be a highly effective tool at raising revenue in developed and developing countries alike. However, the effective operation of the VAT breaks down in the presence...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11120Date: May 13, 2025Author:
Chandler, William ;
Thomas, Alastair ;
Tremblay, Frederic
The pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) is a key metric in education planning that represents the average number of pupils per each teacher. It provides crucial information for policymaking in two ways: First, teachers...
Type: BriefReport#: 201356Date: May 13, 2025Author:
World Bank
The Tunisian economy grew by 1.4 percent in 2024 after the zero growth in 2023 and it is diverging from its neighbors in North Africa, with a gross domestic product (GDP) below its pre-Covid level in 2024....
Within the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance the efficiency, breadth, and validity of the collection, processing, and analysis...
Type: Working PaperReport#: 201357Date: May 13, 2025Author:
Anuj, Harsh ;
Raimondo, Estelle Rosine ;
Boer, Hannah Den
This report synthesizes lessons learned from the studies and interventions commissioned by the
World Bank in Ethiopia from 2022-2024 to support integrated urban land management –
highlighting the potential...
Type: ReportReport#: 201354Date: May 13, 2025Author:
World Bank
This paper explores how improved internet infrastructure impacts supply chains and economic activity, focusing on Turkiye. Using the expansion of fiber-optic networks and firm-to-firm transaction data,...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11122Date: May 13, 2025Author:
Demir,Banu ;
Javorcik,Beata ;
Panigrahi, Piyush Paritosh
This paper studies the impact of a World Bank program aimed at promoting access to finance for micro, small, and medium-size enterprises in Ecuador. A staggered difference-in-differences method is used...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11121Date: May 13, 2025Author:
Bruhn, Miriam ;
Diaz Kalan, Federico Alfonso ;
Fraccaroli, Nicolo ;
Ruiz Ortega, Claudia
This Brief introduces the Justice Pillars Towards Evidence-Based Reform (JUPITER)
initiative, a standardized yet flexible, country-based assessment tool that evaluates
the effectiveness of justice systems...
Type: ReportReport#: 201341Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Madadi, Sayed ;
Ramos-Maqueda, Manuel
The World Bank (WB)-supported Public Expenditure and Institutional Review of the Zambian Judicial Sector (PIER) of the Zambian Judicial Sector (WB, 2022) analyzed access to justice from the supply side...
The rise of China in the global economy has been linked with negative impacts on employment across many high- and middle-income countries. However, evidence for African countries is limited. This paper...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11118Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Mavungu, Marina Ngoma
Will the 21st century witness a major push by African countries to catch up with their peers? Or will the continent, overall, continue to lag other regions? A flagship report published by the World Bank...
Type: PublicationReport#: 201326Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Goh, Chorching
Will the 21st century witness a major push by African countries to catch up with their peers? Or will the continent, overall, continue to lag other regions? A flagship report published by the World Bank...
Type: PublicationReport#: 201326Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Goh, Chorching
The Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Conservation Corridor (CMAR) spans 500,000 square kilometers and was established in 2004 by Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Panama to promote the conservation and...
Type: ReportReport#: 201329Date: May 12, 2025Author:
World Bank
Judicial map reforms refer to an emerging stream of reform programs that
attempts to improve the responsiveness of the justice system by adjusting the
courts’ location, size, and jurisdiction to demographic...
This paper compares two widely used methods for surveying informal enterprises: household surveys, which collect data on enterprises through household interviews, and area-based enterprise surveys, which...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11119Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Amankwah, Akuffo ;
Maemir, Hibret Belete ;
Castaing, Pauline ;
Palacios-Lopez, Amparo ;
Attah-Ankomah,Richmond ;
Zardetto, Diego ;
Francis, David C.
This Brief examines the complex relationship between statutory courts and
customary law systems, highlighting the historical context that fostered legal
pluralism in many countries. It argues that attempts...
Type: ReportReport#: 201342Date: May 12, 2025Author:
Bosio, Erica ;
McGrath, Philip
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