This paper examines the impact of two interventions by Colombia's competition authority to enforce competition in the sugar market on firm performance in downstream sectors. Using an exogenous identification...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11155Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Sampi, James ;
Vostroknutova, Ekaterina
The Public Institutions Global Observatory (PIGO) annual report provides an overview of public institutions across the world. This report is an annual digest of data and analytics, knowledge, and lending...
Type: Annual ReportReport#: 202598Date: June 26, 2025Author:
World Bank
In 2024, Libya’s economic performance reflects the persistent challenges of hydrocarbon dependency compared against nascent signs of broader recovery. The economy recorded a contraction of 0.6 percent...
Type: ReportReport#: 202588Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Alhmoud, Khaled ;
Ouelhazi, Zied ;
Zitouna, Mohamed Habib
This report aims to contribute to the public discussion on tax reform by exploring the options for the implementation of carbon taxation in Kazakhstan. By examining potential carbon tax designs that complement...
Type: ReportReport#: 202615Date: June 26, 2025Author:
World Bank
The world’s 10 multilateral development banks (MDBs) are committed to joint action to improve global water security by 2030. The Water Security Financing Report 2024 is the first annual report to monitor...
Type: Annual ReportReport#: 202629Date: June 26, 2025Author:
World Bank
Oil prices have been increasingly volatile since 2004. However, the impact of this volatility on domestic end-user prices differs significantly by fuel and country. Some countries fully pass through global...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11153Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Akcura, Elcin
This paper develops a sovereign default model with capital accumulation, long-term debt, and fiscal rules with two distortions: debt dilution and private underinvestment. Fiscal rules generate a long-run...
Type: Policy Research Working PaperReport#: WPS11156Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Esquivel,Carlos ;
Samano Penaloza, Agustin
This note details the Total Carbon Pricing (TCP) 2.0, a method designed to calculate comprehensive carbon prices and first established in World Bank (2023). The TCP allows for a nuanced understanding of...
Type: ReportReport#: 202555Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Campmas, Alexandra Andrea Maite ;
Gill, Sahil ;
Al-Rikabi, Jaffar ;
Bastidas, Daniel
As Pakistan pursues its climate commitments, carbon pricing offers a market-based tool to align economic incentives with environmental goals. This note examines Pakistan's carbon emission profile, current...
Type: ReportReport#: 202600Date: June 26, 2025Author:
Barriga-Cabanillas, Oscar ;
Wieser, Christina
Pakistan’s fertilizer sector makes a significant contribution to the country’s economy, accounting for approximately 4.4 percent of large-scale manufacturing output and 1 percent of the gross domestic...
Type: ReportReport#: 202549Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
Cement is an important large-scale manufacturing industry that contributes nearly 1 percent to Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually and accounts for an estimated 25 percent of all industrial...
Type: ReportReport#: 202540Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
This note provides guidance for Country Economists (CEs) to include in the PFRs an analysis
of how tax policies, including tax incentives, impact investment in a country. Investment is
often considered...
Type: ReportReport#: 202582Date: June 25, 2025Author:
Kumar, Rajiv
Textiles are Pakistan’s most critical manufacturing sector, contributing nearly one‑fourth of the industrial value added and employing about 40 percent of the industrial labor force. It has the longest...
Type: ReportReport#: 202538Date: June 25, 2025Author:
World Bank
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