00:19 Very
00:20 well,
00:20 good afternoon everybody.
00:22 greetings to everyone connecting to this event,
00:26 I mean a recipe
00:28 for a livable planet,
00:29 achieving net zero emissions in the agrifood system.
00:33 We have a great panel
00:35 here and I will introduce them
00:37 shortly.
00:38 Welcome to everybody
00:40 online because this is also
00:43 on Zoom.
00:45 We think this is a very timely and important topic
00:48 of delivering on climate action while feeding the world.
00:51 It's a big conversation today.
00:54 Agriculture,
00:54 Food and Water Day.
00:56 There's only one way we can feed our growing population globally,
01:00 and that will actually reach about 10 billion people
01:03 over the next 25 years,
01:05 and that involves transforming.
01:07 The wider food system as we know it.
01:11 We clearly must transform how we produce,
01:14 distribute and consume food.
01:17 Welcome to our
01:19 panelists from Rwanda.
01:21 We call this the agrifood system,
01:24 as we will include
01:25 all aspects of the value chain from input manufacturing
01:29 to agricultural production to consumption
01:32 and waste disposal as well.
01:34 This agri-food system we now realize is a major contributor to global warming,
01:40 accounting for about 33% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
01:44 It is also the primary source of methane and nitrous oxide emissions,
01:50 which have an even higher global warming potential,
01:52 as we know,
01:53 than carbon dioxide.
01:55 While being part of the climate problem,
01:58 the agri-food system clearly
02:04 Agrifoods is also integral to this solution,
02:07 so it's a victim,
02:08 it's a culprit,
02:08 but it can also actually provide solutions,
02:10 holding the potential for cost-effective opportunities across countries,
02:16 and I think together
02:18 we can build a low emissions agri-food system that protects the environment
02:22 and provides greater food security
02:25 as we work to feed 10 billion people.
02:28 Since the 2015 Paris Agreement,
02:31 the World Bank
02:32 has increased annual financing for climate smart agriculture eightfold
02:37 to $3 billion in 2023,
02:41 but more broadly,
02:42 the sector is not really receiving
02:45 the financial resources needed for
02:46 a sustainable agri-food systems transformation.
02:50 With only about 4%
02:52 of all global climate financing going to the agrifood system,
02:56 and we have estimated
02:58 that the overall envelope is about $660 billion per year,
03:02 all countries,
03:03 all sectors,
03:04 domestically,
03:05 internationally,
03:06 private and public,
03:07 with only 4% going to the agrifood systems,
03:11 and we think that this financing will also have to
03:13 increase significantly to support the needed food system transformation.
03:18 To increase the awareness
03:20 of the relevance of the food system for climate change mitigation
03:24 and also to promote the massive scaling up of financing and action required,
03:29 we actually are working on a new flagship report
03:33 that's titled Recipe for a Livable Planet
03:36 Achieving Net Zero Emissions in the Agri-Food System,
03:39 and we actually are scheduled to release this in early 2024.
03:44 This will be the World Bank's first global strategic framework
03:48 on climate change mitigation
03:50 in the agrifood system,
03:51 and it will also lay out the potential pathways
03:54 forward for low,
03:55 middle income and high income countries to
03:57 reduce emissions across the agrifood systems,
04:00 while also providing food for the world's population and increasing resilience.
04:04 So this is a dual
04:05 agenda.
04:07 The report's guiding message
04:09 is that food systems
04:10 can
04:11 and must achieve net zero emissions while feeding
04:14 a growing population
04:16 reaching 10 billion,
04:17 as I already said.
04:20 In the report,
04:22 we also analyzed the sources of greenhouse
04:24 gas emissions in the entire agri-food systems.
04:28 The food system is not only a victim of climate change,
04:30 it but also plays a key role in mitigating global warming.
04:34 It has the potential to capture and store vast amounts
04:38 of greenhouse gasses that it generates,
04:39 as well as emissions from all the sectors.
04:41 So clearly we think
04:43 we have an opportunity now to change course
04:46 and drive change in food systems.
04:50 So let's then go to our very esteemed panel,
04:53 and I will introduce every speaker
04:57 when he or she actually starts
05:00 answering
05:01 the questions that we have.
05:03 We put forward two questions.
05:07 I think we start with the second question.
05:09 I think that's actually a more interesting question
05:11 because actually it speaks to your country.
05:13 You can speak from your own experience.
05:16 The question is,
05:17 tell us about how your country,
05:20 you actually represented quite a nice array,
05:24 a diverse range of countries,
05:26 how your country is scaling up climate smart agriculture,
05:30 including reducing and sequestering emissions from agriculture and food.
05:36 And also,
05:36 you know,
05:37 what are you doing actually to include farmers in that food systems transformation
05:41 journey?
05:42 Um,
05:42 what I say,
05:43 you're representing
05:44 quite an interesting range of countries,
05:46 um,
05:47 um,
05:47 so really looking forward,
05:49 I mean,
05:50 speaking to your own experience.
05:51 Um,
05:52 so let's start.
05:53 Um,
05:53 I think we just
05:54 go along like this,
05:55 uh,
05:56 so first,
05:57 sitting next to me.
05:58 His Excellency Andrew Mitchell,
06:00 Minister of State
06:02 for Development in Africa from the UK,
06:07 to you,
06:07 thank you very much indeed.
06:09 We're all getting to know each other rather well on this panel because we're doing
06:13 quite a lot together on agriculture,
06:15 and that I think is a good sign
06:17 because it shows there is cooperation amongst different countries
06:20 all pursuing the same
06:22 aim.
06:24 This event allows us to
06:27 have a detailed look at the findings and recommendations
06:31 of the World Bank's sustainable development flagship report,
06:34 Recipe for a livable
06:36 Planet.
06:36 I greatly welcome that,
06:39 not least because I think it provides a set of achievable solutions.
06:43 we can all
06:44 coalesce around,
06:45 we are
06:46 focusing particularly on
06:48 the repurposing of agricultural
06:51 support,
06:52 driving innovation and adoption of sustainable
06:56 technologies and approaches,
06:58 and also
06:59 emphasizing the importance of working with the private sector.
07:04 On policy action,
07:05 clearly
07:07 governments play.
07:08 A key role in shaping both public and private investment in agriculture
07:14 and on policy action and reform.
07:19 Tailored specifically to the national context,
07:22 and if you do that you better deliver climate resilience and
07:27 also you drive forward
07:29 mitigation solutions for farmers.
07:31 So all of that
07:33 is very good.
07:33 And if I can give an example,
07:35 support
07:36 to reward farmers for restoring soil health,
07:39 helping them to understand the requirements of new types of seeds,
07:45 supporting productivity and carbon.
07:47 sequestration,
07:48 or to scale up emissions reducing
07:50 technologies and approaches in rice and livestock
07:53 management.
07:54 In the last session I gave the example from Vietnam
07:58 of the work that had been done in respect of rice,
08:01 and also through our Just Rural Transition program,
08:04 where we are very proud to partner with the World Bank
08:08 Food Systems 2030 Trust Fund,
08:10 supporting developing countries
08:12 to implement such approaches and reforms.
08:16 The UK World Bank convened global agricultural policy dialogue,
08:20 provides a government to government platform for
08:24 peer support exchange,
08:25 very,
08:25 very important,
08:26 mobilizing policy action
08:29 and repurposing of agricultural support so that
08:32 it is better directed towards
08:35 resilient and sustainable food
08:38 systems.
08:39 At COP 28 we've launched a set of country and policy briefs based on discussions
08:44 through the policy dialogue showcasing lead,
08:47 and
08:48 I think that's the right thing to do.
08:50 And finally,
08:51 on scaling up innovation,
08:53 I think this is the most important contribution
08:56 that we can make.
08:57 The UK is supporting the CGIAR,
09:00 which has been
09:01 very present here at the COP.
09:03 We
09:05 have increased our funding 110 million pounds
09:09 in UK funding over the next three years
09:12 to develop and scale.
09:15 Different sorts of solutions to mitigation and adaptation,
09:19 but the great thing
09:20 about the CGIAR
09:22 is its support for innovation and different routes
09:25 and ways of assisting farmers on the ground,
09:28 and I think that is
09:29 incredibly important.
09:31 If you haven't seen about the CGIAR,
09:34 please
09:34 can I commend it to you.
09:36 Also in Britain's recently published International Development White Paper,
09:40 which
09:41 has been well received here and around the world,
09:45 there's a cut out on what CGIAR is doing
09:48 as part of a wider
09:50 agricultural policy which we're all involved in,
09:53 and some ideas from Britain,
09:55 which I think
09:56 are
09:58 important and going with the grain of what so many others are trying to do as well.
10:10 Really emphasizing the importance of getting incentives
10:13 right and of course we have a long
10:15 collaboration between the UK government and the World Bank to work
10:18 on that on the repurposing $800 billion a year on public support
10:22 to agriculture,
10:23 only 35% of every dollar ending up in the hands of the farmers.
10:27 I mean that support
10:29 can be used much more effectively.
10:31 Maybe including,
10:31 as you say,
10:32 uh,
10:33 investing in soil health,
10:34 uh,
10:34 that's also important to get
10:36 farmers on board,
10:37 emphasizing the importance of
10:39 innovation,
10:40 um,
10:41 you know,
10:42 our recommendation as World Bank is that countries should at least
10:47 kind of invest 1% of agricultural GDP in
10:52 In resource innovation and our analytics actually
10:54 show that many countries are way,
10:56 way below it.
10:57 I mean 0.3,
10:58 0.4%,
10:59 uh,
10:59 probably Brazil is an,
11:01 is an exception on that.
11:02 And of course also emphasizing,
11:03 Andrew,
11:04 the importance
11:05 of CGAR in accelerating innovation which is really needed.
11:08 Uh,
11:09 very,
11:09 very good.
11:10 So
11:11 let's go to our next panelist and,
11:13 and thank you very much,
11:14 um.
11:15 Minister Masari from the Minister of Agriculture from
11:19 Rwanda,
11:19 uh,
11:20 to,
11:20 um,
11:21 to actually accept,
11:22 it was quite last minute actually to be on this panel,
11:24 so we're very keen to hear
11:26 what the government of Rwanda is doing,
11:28 um,
11:29 to,
11:30 to move the agri-food system,
11:31 I mean,
11:32 towards,
11:32 I mean,
11:33 being more productive,
11:34 more resilient,
11:36 more inclusive,
11:37 more sustainable,
11:38 and also moving towards net zero.
11:40 Over to you.
11:41 Yeah.
11:41 Thank you,
11:42 Martin and,
11:42 and thank you for having me,
11:43 though,
11:44 of course,
11:45 this was the last minute,
11:46 but I'm happy to,
11:47 to join this,
11:48 uh,
11:49 World Bank,
11:49 um,
11:50 event,
11:51 uh,
11:51 as the
11:52 biggest partners,
11:54 we have in agriculture in Rwanda.
11:56 So speaking of this net zero emission,
11:59 which is a very,
12:00 uh,
12:03 Difficult concept to grab.
12:05 I don't know where
12:06 somewhere in this world has achieved that,
12:08 but
12:10 I want
12:11 first of all to
12:13 maybe demystify this,
12:14 uh,
12:15 misconception that
12:17 agriculture is the most polluting,
12:19 uh,
12:19 thing in this world.
12:20 And,
12:21 um,
12:22 some people say how agriculture is good
12:24 for,
12:24 for our economy,
12:25 for our lives.
12:27 We use agriculture for livelihoods.
12:29 Everybody,
12:30 everybody applauds.
12:32 We use agriculture as um an economic activity.
12:36 and many,
12:37 many countries like ours and other
12:41 countries,
12:42 they still see Acacia as
12:45 An instrument for poverty alleviation.
12:48 But something important is forgotten.
12:50 They,
12:51 everybody doesn't want to recognize
12:53 the role of agriculture in providing
12:55 ecosystem services.
12:57 So they only say bad things about agriculture,
13:00 that's the country is polluting.
13:01 And then we forget that
13:03 these crops we have,
13:04 these plants we have,
13:05 during the day,
13:06 they are sequestering
13:08 carbon and producing oxygen.
13:10 And they are contributing to the nature.
13:12 They are contributing to
13:13 to everything now we are talking about.
13:15 Then then people prefer looking at the negative side always.
13:20 So now.
13:22 The only problem now we can recognize
13:25 is that maybe how do we make
13:28 These
13:29 crops,
13:30 the way we maybe we fertilize,
13:31 the way we pesticide.
13:33 So we are not
13:35 thinking about
13:38 Organic farming
13:40 100% the reason we want to do that,
13:42 so we still make good appropriate combinations
13:45 because we have to feed our people.
13:47 Population is increasing.
13:50 Land fertility is reducing and we need to combine measures,
13:54 both
13:55 organic and the chemical fertilizers,
13:58 but now the portion
13:59 we need to increase more on organic fertilizers
14:03 coming on a pesticide if we are lucky now we are trying to see if we can find
14:07 organic pesticides maybe to
14:09 Reduce the impact on the climate
14:12 toward this net zero.
14:13 I don't know if you achieved it,
14:14 but
14:15 maybe we can talk about minimum,
14:17 um,
14:18 emissions
14:19 to make sure also we we achieve this balance
14:21 of food security and environmental sustainability.
14:24 So now that's what we are trying to,
14:25 to,
14:25 to do as Rwanda.
14:26 The other thing that we're organizing on livestock.
14:29 We are
14:30 aware that livestock is the most polluting segment,
14:33 but also it has solution.
14:35 And then,
14:35 uh,
14:36 because.
14:37 Uh,
14:38 it depends on what you feed,
14:40 and I think that honorable has mentioned it.
14:43 So the livestock depends on what you feed
14:45 the cattle or the animals.
14:47 That's,
14:47 that's where the pollution comes from.
14:49 I think we are working on,
14:50 on projects to make sure how do we feed properly,
14:53 less,
14:54 um,
14:55 I mean,
14:55 I may say
14:57 environmentally friendly feedings.
14:59 Then this involves
15:00 the participation of everyone,
15:02 and that means first of all,
15:03 the farmers.
15:04 They need to plant or acquire these seeds that are not
15:08 uh polluting.
15:09 We start by research which
15:11 uh feeds are not,
15:13 uh,
15:13 contribute to the pollution
15:15 and then.
15:16 It requires now financing.
15:18 Now I bring a solution because now we are
15:21 with the World Bank here.
15:22 So now I want to indicate
15:25 a new
15:26 direction where I can now reenter our resources,
15:29 either a loan or a grant or something,
15:31 because
15:32 farmers need to find alternative solution to feeding
15:36 that will
15:37 Contribute to to uh net zero emissions in the livestock sector.
15:42 That's where the challenge is,
15:44 but,
15:44 um,
15:45 of course,
15:45 to bring everybody on board,
15:47 uh,
15:47 they will need the finance,
15:48 they will need the money and um.
15:50 Uh,
15:51 we,
15:51 we tried to
15:53 Make sure we promote access to finance and of course
15:57 in a partnership with the World Bank in Rwanda we have acquired around $55 million
16:02 that will help us
16:04 to experience or to experiment
16:07 a single digit loan to the farmers
16:09 and then
16:10 to make sure that they
16:12 Come together these approaches,
16:14 maybe organic farming or,
16:15 or
16:16 these,
16:16 uh,
16:17 less emissions of,
16:19 of animal feeds and
16:21 and whatever to take care of
16:24 the animal health as well because it's it's also very important.
16:28 So.
16:29 Everything is about financing,
16:31 about we change our mindset towards
16:33 agricultural practices,
16:35 livestock practices,
16:36 and I think we are trying to try a list
16:39 of actions.
16:40 And if we have the support of all the partners and lenders,
16:44 I think we can get to.
16:46 Close to zero,
16:47 net emission.
16:48 I can't,
16:49 I can't promise
16:50 zero at this moment.
16:51 Thank you.
16:52 Very good.
16:58 No,
16:58 no,
16:58 it,
16:58 it's extremely relevant to what you're saying,
17:01 and,
17:01 um,
17:01 um,
17:02 you know,
17:02 the,
17:03 the bank,
17:03 we've done quite a number of,
17:04 um,
17:05 climate smart agriculture country profiles,
17:08 maybe also one in,
17:09 in Rwanda,
17:10 looking at kind of what technologies are available and what are the economics
17:14 of those technologies along the dimension of productivity,
17:17 resilience,
17:18 and the contribution.
17:19 Towards net zero and the good news actually is
17:23 that there are many kinds of triple win
17:25 solutions.
17:26 So of course there are also trade-offs,
17:28 but we need to capture those triple win solutions and
17:30 and and those climate smart agricultural accounting profiles that we've done
17:34 provide some messages,
17:35 interesting messages there
17:37 on livestock,
17:39 in total agreement,
17:42 at the bank,
17:43 we're receiving a lot of letters from many
17:45 stakeholders asking the bank's engagement on livestock.
17:48 But with you,
17:49 I mean,
17:49 I think there are many opportunities actually to kind of
17:51 reduce the uh the carbon footprint of the livestock sector
17:55 to a lot of tech technology interventions that you just,
17:57 um,
17:58 that you just mentioned.
17:59 And then on,
18:00 um,
18:01 on climate financing,
18:02 um,
18:06 The agriculture and food sector is really at the short end of the stick.
18:11 I mean in this publication that will come out
18:13 in January,
18:14 as I said earlier,
18:15 the overall envelope we estimated $660 billion.
18:20 10% of that is going to adaptation,
18:22 90% to mitigation,
18:25 and of course agriculture is a sector that's most vulnerable
18:28 to climate change
18:30 and actually in the sector
18:32 than any smallholder farmers.
18:34 So this 1090 balance is not really working in favor of agriculture.
18:38 How can we change that?
18:40 That balance
18:41 and then part of the mitigation climate financing,
18:44 the 90% of the 660,
18:46 a very small
18:47 proportion
18:48 is actually going to agriculture that actually doesn't reflect
18:52 the contribution of the of the of the agri-food systems
18:56 to the greenhouse gas emissions,
18:58 which is estimated about 30%.
19:01 So very good.
19:02 Let's then go to
19:04 To Norway,
19:05 we have Anbeth Trinereim,
19:08 the Minister of International Development of Norway.
19:11 So
19:12 what's happening in your country and how does the food system transformation
19:15 journey look like and what are you doing in the country that actually
19:19 provides lessons to all the countries as well,
19:21 because this is an important priority I know of your country.
19:24 Thanks Martin.
19:24 I was hoping to ask if I could separate the question into two.
19:28 What are we doing in Norway
19:29 and what am I doing in my portfolio as Minister of International Development?
19:32 Excellent.
19:33 Um,
19:34 uh,
19:34 but it,
19:34 it,
19:35 it,
19:35 it is,
19:36 uh,
19:36 it is nice to be able to tell the story of Norway because,
19:39 uh,
19:39 we have quite a unique,
19:41 uh,
19:42 social dialogue between the ag sector in Norway.
19:44 And,
19:46 and the,
19:46 the,
19:46 the government,
19:48 um,
19:49 we have yearly negotiations,
19:51 uh,
19:52 stating,
19:52 you know,
19:53 uh,
19:53 market,
19:54 uh,
19:54 uh,
19:55 uh,
19:55 sort of a span for market price,
19:57 uh,
19:57 different subsidies,
19:58 etc.
19:59 etc.
19:59 so it's a great
20:01 forum for also addressing climate issues and we do that
20:05 and,
20:06 uh,
20:06 I believe Norway is actually the only country in the world where
20:09 we have a voluntary agreement to cut emissions in the gri sector.
20:13 Between farmers' organizations and the governments,
20:17 uh,
20:18 and we can use the yearly negotiations to address,
20:21 you know,
20:21 the,
20:22 the,
20:22 the,
20:22 the costs of the,
20:23 that transition and sort of
20:25 work together
20:27 to reduce emissions uh and
20:29 uh secure adaptation.
20:31 In the ag sector.
20:32 So
20:33 among the tools that we have in that toolbox,
20:36 uh,
20:36 in the agreement with the farmers' organizations is,
20:40 for example,
20:41 to,
20:41 um,
20:42 to,
20:42 to switch to feed that reduces,
20:45 uh,
20:45 methane,
20:46 uh,
20:47 emissions from,
20:48 from cattle,
20:49 uh,
20:49 we have,
20:50 um,
20:51 uh,
20:54 uh.
20:55 Um,
20:55 uh.
20:59 Instruments to provide solar panels on farm buildings,
21:04 you know,
21:05 different stuff to to to to go from fossil fuel to renewable energy in the
21:10 on the actual farm designed for the actual farm.
21:13 So
21:14 I think it's a very interesting model.
21:15 But if I'm also allowed to say a few things about the international portfolio,
21:19 which is the one I know the most and can answer to.
21:22 You know,
21:23 um,
21:23 this,
21:24 this subject is very,
21:25 very close to my heart.
21:26 I used to work on a,
21:27 on a
21:28 technical level in NORAD,
21:30 our agency for development cooperation,
21:32 way before I became minister,
21:33 and I worked with
21:35 uh CSA,
21:37 Climate Smart Agriculture.
21:40 And you know we have been doing these techniques for decades.
21:43 It's not it's not actually something new.
21:45 What is new is that we need to scale it up.
21:48 So you know we have a conservation agriculture making,
21:51 you know,
21:51 all these techniques that I'm sure many of you,
21:53 you know about
21:54 uh restoring uh humidity in the soil,
21:58 uh,
21:59 covering it with uh with uh with uh what you call it access exactly,
22:04 yeah,
22:04 um,
22:05 all those
22:06 very,
22:07 very,
22:07 very simple agronomic techniques
22:11 to,
22:11 uh,
22:12 to,
22:12 uh,
22:13 respond to,
22:14 to climate adaption.
22:16 Um,
22:17 regenerative agriculture,
22:19 let me mention soil health.
22:21 We all know that a healthy soil captures a lot more carbon
22:24 and makes agriculture become
22:26 You know,
22:27 uh,
22:27 uh,
22:27 uh,
22:27 uh,
22:29 an instrument to cut emissions or to,
22:31 to,
22:31 to,
22:32 to,
22:32 um,
22:32 capture,
22:33 capture and store,
22:34 um,
22:35 store emissions,
22:36 um,
22:37 so this is nothing new.
22:38 What is new is that we are really scaling it up thanks to the World Bank,
22:42 thanks to IFAD,
22:43 all those channels,
22:45 the multilateral channels
22:46 that are now
22:48 getting this out,
22:49 these techniques out on scale,
22:51 um.
22:52 Uh,
22:53 so that is why,
22:54 you know,
22:54 the World Bank through IA,
22:55 but also the GS GASP,
22:58 can you,
22:59 I only know the acronym,
23:00 the Global Agriculture Food Security Program,
23:04 G20 in 2012.
23:06 So that's why,
23:06 you know,
23:07 uh,
23:07 these instruments in the World Bank,
23:09 EFAD,
23:10 um,
23:10 uh,
23:11 Andrew mentioned,
23:12 uh,
23:13 the CG system and crop trust,
23:15 all these are important instruments to scale up
23:18 technique techniques that we have known for decades.
23:22 Can I mention one last thing very briefly,
23:24 because
23:26 when we were in the last panel,
23:27 some of us
23:28 in the Awaha,
23:31 I spoke about
23:34 breaching the silos,
23:36 and that
23:37 is relevant in the development assistance sector as well.
23:41 For example,
23:42 I have noticed how we are not able to breach
23:45 investments in energy,
23:47 in rural energy with agriculture.
23:50 And making sure that you get energy to farmers not only for irrigation,
23:54 etc.
23:55 but also for fuel chains,
23:57 that would be a huge investment to reduce food
24:00 loss because we know that a lot of the food
24:04 in the ag sector in the third world
24:08 is lost.
24:10 Just after it's harvested,
24:11 so getting energy and cool chains out there would be
24:14 a great investment,
24:15 um,
24:16 in,
24:17 in,
24:17 uh,
24:17 climate smart agriculture.
24:19 Very good.
24:20 Thank you very much
24:22 and.
24:24 You know,
24:24 and,
24:25 and,
24:25 and,
24:25 and,
24:25 and thank you very much for kind of indicating what you're doing
24:28 at home in Norway and also how you're helping the international agenda because
24:31 152 countries actually signed the declaration.
24:34 So actually all countries or most countries now
24:37 are in this,
24:37 uh,
24:37 in this together.
24:38 On the scaling,
24:40 uh,
24:40 very,
24:40 very important,
24:41 yeah,
24:41 the,
24:41 the,
24:42 the,
24:42 the techniques and the technologies look simple.
24:45 So why is it that farmers don't quickly kind of pick it up and,
24:48 and some of the things that we looked at is that,
24:50 um,
24:51 You know,
24:52 Solutions
24:54 do not come as silver bullets.
24:55 I mean,
24:55 they tend to come in packages,
24:58 and it actually makes the adoption of more complicated.
25:01 And of course,
25:02 as we also always hear,
25:04 you know,
25:07 solutions need to be adapted to local conditions,
25:09 so solutions,
25:11 there are no blueprints that you can easily
25:13 kind of copy and replicate and for that reason.
25:16 Effective extension services to put knowledge in the hands of farmers
25:21 is very,
25:22 very relevant and important,
25:24 and we know that many countries actually have underinvested
25:27 in extension systems for quite some time.
25:29 And of course
25:31 the potential of digital to make those extension services more effective,
25:35 we think
25:36 provides a huge potential
25:38 when you talk about the scaling up of
25:40 the adoption of those technologies that are available,
25:43 and many indeed,
25:43 as you say.
25:45 Are related to kind of soil improvement and uh and then soil health.
25:48 Uh,
25:49 very,
25:49 very good.
25:50 Uh,
25:50 so let's then move to our next
25:53 panelist,
25:54 uh,
25:54 His Excellency
25:56 Jochen Flassbart,
25:57 who is the state secretary
26:00 in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development in Germany.
26:03 So,
26:04 So what is Germany doing on the food system transformation journey at home
26:10 and
26:11 maybe also indicating how you
26:14 are internationally active on that agenda.
26:17 Over to you.
26:18 Thank you.
26:19 Thank you,
26:20 moderator.
26:20 Thank you,
26:20 Martin.
26:21 Um,
26:22 as I was not on the other panels,
26:24 maybe it has been mentioned there,
26:26 but still I want to say that this is a unique
26:30 COP
26:30 that addresses agriculture and food system
26:34 the first time ever in such a broad way and uh.
26:38 I do hope
26:41 that at the end it will be more covered in the decisions here
26:45 as well because it is
26:47 needed.
26:48 I think
26:49 not a single other sector
26:52 is
26:52 so much double faced
26:54 being a big,
26:55 you said there is huge potential for mitigation.
26:59 You can turn it around.
27:00 Agriculture is a big polluter.
27:03 It's a big contributor to climate change.
27:06 At the same time,
27:07 one of the biggest victims,
27:10 so it is a huge need to address it
27:13 and
27:14 On the instruments,
27:17 I
27:19 Although it's a diplomatic panel,
27:21 I would
27:22 hugely disagree
27:24 with what you said and what I saw also in the briefing papers provided,
27:29 that it is basically about finance.
27:32 I'm not saying that it is not about finance,
27:34 not to be misunderstood,
27:37 but
27:38 there are many,
27:38 many
27:40 approaches that do not need finance.
27:43 Look at first where do we do agriculture,
27:47 and you spoke about the soil,
27:49 rightly so.
27:50 On which soil do we do
27:53 agriculture?
27:54 Do we do it on
27:56 drained wetlands or even peatlands?
27:59 then of course it's a disaster,
28:00 but you can stop it,
28:02 not from
28:03 today to tomorrow,
28:04 and then it comes to finance to organize the
28:07 transformation process or
28:09 where if you look at the whole supply chain,
28:11 what we did in the EU
28:14 with deforestation
28:16 free regulation,
28:19 that already
28:21 cuts a lot of emissions from clear cutting somewhere else in the world.
28:25 It is about our diets in our country,
28:28 so it's about consumption patterns.
28:30 Nothing you can regulate easily,
28:32 but that is
28:34 a societal support.
28:36 So
28:37 I think many,
28:37 many areas where you can do a lot
28:41 through regulation.
28:43 Through agreements also with the farmers' associations
28:47 and then of course you are
28:50 at the edge where it comes
28:52 to the transformation as well as we did discuss it in the energy sector,
28:56 of course,
28:57 going from a non-sustainable
29:00 to B sustainable.
29:01 There's a transformation and farmers affected are
29:04 working in the surroundings they found,
29:05 the frameworks they found,
29:07 and you cannot accuse them.
29:09 For that,
29:10 and that is what we are doing,
29:12 for example,
29:13 through the support we are giving to the World Bank for the World Bank
29:18 multi donor
29:19 transference food systems,
29:21 that is what we are doing with IFAT,
29:23 for example,
29:24 for compens action where we compensate farmers that
29:28 do provide,
29:29 as you said,
29:30 the minister from Ethiopia from Rwanda
29:34 that where we do support.
29:36 Ecosystem services that smallholder farmers are providing,
29:40 but
29:41 without getting this reflected in market prices,
29:43 so you need to do something
29:46 on that.
29:47 Let me,
29:48 let me finish by saying that I very much agree to what Andrew said.
29:54 Of course we still need science.
29:56 It's not about rocket science,
29:57 but many,
29:59 many things are on the way.
30:01 As UK,
30:03 we are a strong supporter of CGIR
30:06 with the whole network
30:08 there as providing the basis
30:10 for changes in the agriculture and food system.
30:13 Last point,
30:14 all this needs to be reflected in the NDCs.
30:16 It's not appropriate,
30:18 but most of the parties are doing,
30:20 so that is where we also provide support schemes
30:24 to get this better included into the NDCs.
30:26 Very good.
30:27 Thank you very much,
30:28 Jurgen.
30:29 Excellent.
30:30 Very good.
30:32 All right,
30:33 let's move on to our next panelist
30:36 from Denmark,
30:37 Mr.
30:37 Ole Tonke,
30:38 Under Secretary for Development Policy at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
30:41 Your perspective.
30:44 Thank you so much.
30:45 And
30:46 first of all,
30:47 thank you so much for putting this on the agenda.
30:49 And I'm really looking forward to the report
30:52 early next year because what we have seen in Denmark is actually that
30:57 this agenda on climate and agricultural food systems,
31:01 it will come and it will hit us a lot.
31:04 In Denmark,
31:05 you know,
31:05 we've had the energy transition.
31:08 The past 40 years with our wind turbine technology and all of that,
31:12 and we have
31:13 a fairly renewable energy sector right now.
31:17 We have a government that has decided to reduce our emissions by 70%.
31:21 The energy sector,
31:23 we have done everything.
31:24 We can't reduce anything more.
31:26 Even in the transport sector,
31:28 we are almost there,
31:30 almost.
31:31 So the big emitter right now for us in Denmark to reach the 70%
31:36 is the agricultural sector,
31:37 and that's where it's getting really difficult and it's both difficult.
31:43 In terms of the farmers,
31:45 because they are very conservative,
31:47 and I can say that because my father was a farmer himself.
31:51 They change only when they see the profits little by little,
31:55 but also
31:57 it's a very difficult political sector
32:01 to move.
32:02 We have a huge discussion in Denmark on CO2 taxes on farming.
32:08 Of course,
32:09 the philosophy is that if we do CO2 taxes on farming,
32:13 Then they will innovate and find even better methods to reduce the CO2 emissions
32:19 that we then can export exactly as we did with the renewable energy one day,
32:24 but that discussion is not over yet.
32:26 It's highly political and it's going to continue for quite a while.
32:31 Then moving on to
32:33 What we see in countries,
32:35 I think there are some really brilliant points from this panel,
32:39 that it has both sides,
32:40 because agriculture can also do a lot of carbon storage,
32:44 and I think we need to look much more into that opportunity.
32:47 We did our project in Kenya with the Northern Range Trust,
32:51 where basically,
32:52 just in terms of shifting
32:55 Managing where the cattle and the goats grass,
33:01 then there was a huge amount of carbon stored in the soil,
33:05 as much as the organization could do a carbon credit on it
33:10 and earn $14 million US dollars a year
33:13 to give back to the communities,
33:15 and
33:16 these examples we need to think more of.
33:19 And finally,
33:19 I fully agree on Flashb's point that
33:22 we also need a more holistic approach to climate change
33:25 in the agricultural sector and included in the NDCs.
33:29 I hope that the NDC partnerships will take up this
33:32 so we have a more holistic thinking of agriculture,
33:36 which is so important in many African countries.
33:40 Thank you very much.
33:41 Thank you very much.
33:43 And then we go to our last panelist
33:49 from Brazil,
33:50 and of course Brazil is going to organize the COP 30,
33:53 so we are very pleased to have with us
33:56 Eduardo Correa Tavares,
33:58 Secretary of Funds and Financial instruments of
34:00 the Ministry of Integration and Regional Development
34:02 of Brazil.
34:04 So what is Brazil doing on the agricultural transformation agenda,
34:07 and
34:08 when we're going to be at the COP 2 years from now,
34:10 what are you going to show us?
34:12 Definitely.
34:14 Well,
34:14 thank you for the question.
34:17 Uh,
34:17 food system play a crucial role
34:20 in mitigating climate change,
34:24 and in this coup we are given the necessary importance to its connection with
34:28 water security,
34:29 promoting local food production
34:32 and encouraging
34:33 seasonal consumption are essential measures
34:37 to reduce carbon emissions related to the portion.
34:40 But we can also take advantage of new opportunities,
34:44 such as a synergy with sanitation and energy.
34:49 I remember that the FAO
34:51 has advocated
34:53 for an ideal world
34:55 where our food systems will be resilient,
34:58 inclusive
34:59 and sustainable,
35:00 producing safe and nutritious food
35:03 sufficient
35:04 to meet the needs of everyone without compromising future generations.
35:09 But we don't have that today.
35:11 As President Lula highlighted,
35:14 we live in a world of hunger and inequities,
35:17 and we have to change that.
35:19 The Brazilian Government
35:21 has been working hard
35:22 to promote sustainable food systems,
35:25 including irrigation
35:27 and special credit lines for farmers
35:30 and livestock producers,
35:32 adopting sustainable agricultural practices
35:35 that contribute to net zero emissions
35:37 while ensuring food security.
35:40 The country's agriculture and livestock business
35:44 finance plan
35:45 encourages the strengthening of sustainable production systems,
35:49 rural and livestock producers adopting more sustainable agricultural practices
35:55 such as organic and ecological production.
36:00 New inputs,
36:01 rock powder,
36:02 renewable energy,
36:04 tracker cattle herds,
36:06 and sustainability certification
36:08 will be rewarded.
36:10 Additionally,
36:11 we have a program such as
36:14 Renova Agro that incorporates financing for investments
36:18 aimed at promoting climate change adaptation
36:21 and low carbon emissions in agriculture.
36:24 Through that,
36:25 the Brazilian government encourages sustainable practices
36:29 such as the recovery of
36:31 degraded areas and pastures,
36:34 the implementation and expansion
36:36 of integrated
36:38 crop,
36:39 livestock forestry
36:41 systems,
36:42 and the management and protection of natural resources.
36:46 Funding is also available for organic farming.
36:50 The restoration of the forest,
36:52 the production of bio fertilizers,
36:55 the renewable energy,
36:57 and the other initiatives that result in low
37:00 greenhouse gas emissions.
37:02 Furthermore,
37:03 we have launched a specific agricultural plan.
37:07 For family farmers
37:08 with reduced rates
37:11 from 5 to 4% per year
37:14 for those producing essential foods
37:16 such as rice,
37:18 beans,
37:18 tomatoes,
37:19 milk,
37:19 eggs,
37:20 among others.
37:21 The goal
37:22 is to contribute to
37:24 The country's food security
37:26 by stimulating the production
37:28 of essential foods for Brazilian families
37:32 along with a specific
37:34 line
37:34 for rural women.
37:37 Family farmers
37:38 opting for sustainable production
37:41 of healthy foods,
37:42 focusing on organics,
37:44 bioeconomy or agroecology will receive even more incentives
37:49 with rates
37:50 if
37:51 only
37:52 3% a year for operational costs and 4%
37:56 for investments,
37:58 along with irrigation.
38:00 With a new pipeline for public private models,
38:03 the regional integration routes program
38:06 led by our Ministry
38:08 is another example of this
38:10 commitment.
38:11 Routes are networks of local products
38:14 arrangements associated with strategic production
38:18 chains capable of promoting inclusion
38:21 and sustainable
38:23 development
38:24 in the most vulnerable regions.
38:27 By promoting the coordination of public and private actions,
38:31 sharing information,
38:32 leveraging collective synergies,
38:35 the roots facilitating innovation,
38:38 differentiation
38:39 and sustainability,
38:41 contributing to inclusion and regional development,
38:45 a fight for food security,
38:47 water security
38:48 and resilience.
38:50 A journey to build a sustainable model
38:53 that integrates farming,
38:54 restoration,
38:56 adaptation,
38:57 mitigation,
38:58 risk management
38:59 and deliver forests for people who live there.
39:03 To conclude,
39:04 the ecological transformation plan is one of our
39:08 ongoing initiatives
39:10 to implementing Brazilian commitments
39:12 in the environmental and social area.
39:15 To finish,
39:16 I hope to see you all at COP 30 in the lane,
39:19 the COP of nature and the people that live there,
39:23 especially in the forest.
39:25 We hope that you can get there
39:27 with effective solutions to foster social bioeconomy
39:31 and linking
39:33 to what is written in these walls,
39:36 ending poverty and non livable plan.
39:40 Thank you.
39:41 So,
39:43 I'm seeing a sign there that our time is up,
39:47 so I just want to
39:49 very quickly,
39:50 I think all countries we've all signed
39:52 or endorsed the declaration,
39:55 so all countries are now on their
39:57 food systems transformation journey.
39:59 What I hear from the panel here,
40:01 incentives are important,
40:02 innovation is important,
40:05 institutions,
40:05 we need to work on a food system approach,
40:07 avoiding fragmentation,
40:09 investment and financing is important,
40:10 we cannot ignore the political.
40:12 The farmers,
40:13 making the connection with energy,
40:15 I think,
40:16 and
40:17 also not only looking at the supply side,
40:19 but also on the demand side on diets.
40:21 I mean those are some of the lessons that I'm hearing
40:23 or some of the messages that I'm hearing
40:25 that probably are relevant to the food system journey
40:27 for all countries.
40:28 So looking forward to continue the journey
40:31 and
40:31 and also
40:32 in Brazil,
40:33 you see some concrete results on the ground,
40:35 and the bank actually is working closely with Brazil in making that happen.
40:38 So thank you very much.
40:39 A big applause to the panel.
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Feeding the world’s growing population and addressing climate change require us to transform our agrifood system – the way we produce, distribute, and consume food. While being part of the climate change problem, the agrifood system is also integral to its solution, holding enough potential for cost-effective mitigation options across countries.
This event discusses pathways for countries to build a low-emissions agrifood system that protects the environment, provides greater food security, and supports resilience.
Speakers:
- Andrew Mitchell - Minister of State in the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, United Kingdom
- Anne Beathe Tvinnereim - Minister of International Development, Norway
- Eduardo Corrêa Tavares - Secretary of Funds and Financial Instruments of the Ministry of Integration and Regional Development, Brazil
- Ildephonse Musafiri - Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Rwanda
- Jochen Flasbarth - State Secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany
- Ole Thonke - Under-Secretary for Development Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark
- Martien van Nieuwkoop - Global Director, Agriculture and Food Global Practice, World Bank