Past Event

South Asia Labor Mobility Conference

Organized by the World Bank Social Protection and Labor (SPL) South Asia, SPL Global Unit, and South Asia Office of the Chief Economist, in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB), this two-day conference seeks to provide a platform for cross-country sharing of best practices, solutions, and learning as well as to promote collaboration among high-level government officials and experts from both migrant sending countries and host countries.

Organized by the World Bank Social Protection and Labor (SPL) South Asia, SPL Global Unit, and South Asia Office of the Chief Economist, in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB), this two-day conference seeks to provide a platform for cross-country sharing of best practices, solutions, and learning as well as to promote collaboration among high-level government officials and experts from both migrant sending countries and host countries.

DAY 1: Tuesday, May 20 (9:00am-5:00pm BTT)

DAY 2: Wednesday, May 21 (9:00am-3:15pm BTT)

CONTACT: Office of the Chief Economist in South Asia

sarchiefeconomistoffice@worldbank.org

The state of labor mobility in South Asia presents both opportunities and challenges. Tens of millions of people from the region emigrate to key destinations, such as Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, East Asia, North America, and Europe. Three of the world’s ten largest remittance recipients are in South Asia: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In some countries, like Nepal, remittances constitute a significant portion of the economy. These financial transfers have been shown to increase household incomes, foster entrepreneurship, and help reduce gender gaps and inequality. However, the costs of migration are high in certain corridors, particularly to the GCC, and brain drain remains a major risk that needs to be addressed. Meanwhile, return migration and reintegration are emerging as critical policy priorities, especially for Bhutan.

Skills development plays a crucial role in enhancing prospects for higher-quality, higher-paying jobs both domestically and internationally, while also helping workers become less vulnerable to exploitation. Skilled workers bring added benefits to their home countries beyond remittances, including accumulated human, financial capital, and social networks. Skilled workers are also able work in a wider range of destinations, including Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea. Upon returning home, their skills facilitate reintegration through employment opportunities and entrepreneurship. Therefore, upskilling should go hand in hand with strengthened labor market intermediation to improve outcomes for both workers and countries of origin. Additionally, artificial intelligence and digital technologies can enhance the match between skills supply and demand, improving the overall efficiency of labor markets.

DAY 1 | Tuesday, May 20, 2025

8:30 AM

REGISTRATION

9:00 AM

OPENING ADDRESS

· Lyonchhoen Dasho Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister, Royal Government of Bhutan

· Anna Bjerde, Managing Director of Operations, World Bank

9:15 AM

FRAMING PRESENTATION

· Syud Amer Ahmed, Program Leader for Human Development, Bangladesh and Bhutan and Lead Economist, World Bank

9:30 AM

SESSION 1: SKILLS PARTNERSHIPS
This session explores how skills partnerships such as the Global Skill Partnership (GSP) model embed skills development to meet labor shortages for international labor mobility and domestic employment as well.

OVERALL FRAMEWORK: GLOBAL SKILL PARTNERSHIP REPORT
· Pablo Acosta, Global Lead for Migration and Lead Economist, World Bank
· Limon Bade Rodriguez, Economist (Consultant), World Bank

SESSION KEYNOTE
· Young-bum Park, Professor, Hansung University; Former President, Human Resources Development, Korea

CASE: INDIA
· Liju George, Lead, Triple Win Program in India, GIZ

CASE: MOROCCO
· Halima Salak, Head of Partnership and Cooperation Division, Morocco National Agency for the Promotion of Employment and Competencies (ANAPEC)

11:00 AM COFFEE BREAK
11:15 AM

PANEL DISCUSSION I: HOST COUNTRIES
This panel presents perspectives from migrant host countries around the world and identify priorities and policy options for better skills partnership and support to migrants.

· Maciej Duszczyk, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Poland


· Stefania Congia, Director General for Migration and Integration Policies, Ministry of Labour and Social Policies, Italy


· Steven Biddle, Minister Counsellor, Department of Home Affairs and Regional Director South Asia, Australia


· Franziska Ohnsorge, Chief Economist for South Asia, World Bank

Moderator
· Martin Raiser, Vice President for South Asia, World Bank

12:15 PM

LUNCH

1:30 PM

SESSION 2: SUPPORT TO PROSPECTIVE MIGRANTS
This session explores how governments and partners can better support migrants before departure, while overseas, and after their return.

OVERALL FRAMEWORK
· Cem Mete, Practice Manager, South Asia Social Protection and Labor, World Bank

SESSION KEYNOTE
· Patricia Yvonne M. Caunan, Undersecretary, Department of Migrant Workers, the Philippines

CASE: SRI LANKA
· Anil Jayantha Fernando, Minister of Labour and Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Sri Lanka

CASE: KOSOVO
· Besa Kabashi-Ramaj, Executive Advisor, Heimerer Healthcare and Wellbeing Eco-Village, Kosovo

3:00 PM

COFFEE BREAK

3:15 PM

SESSION 3: MIGRATION IN SMALL STATES & ISLAND COUNTRIES
This session focuses on the unique migration challenges and opportunities faced by small states and island countries.

OVERALL FRAMEWORK
· Zoe Leiyu Xie, Senior Economist, Chief Economist Office for South Asia, World Bank


SESSION KEYNOTE
· Dasho Tashi Wangmo, Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan


CASE: PAPUA NEW GUINEA
· Hakaua Susan Harry, Director, Labour Mobility Unit, Department of Treasury, Papua New Guinea


CASE: MALDIVES
· Ali Haidar Ahmed, Minister of Higher Education, Labor and Skills Development, Maldives


CASE: JAMAICA
· Antonette Richards, Director, Social Policy, Planning and Research Division, Planning Institute of Jamaica

DAY 2 | Wednesday, May 21, 2025

8:30 AM

CHECK-IN

9:00 AM

RECAP OF DAY 1

· Kunzang Lhamu, Director General, Department of Employment and Entrepreneurship, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan

9:15 AM

SESSION 4: REMITTANCES & DIASPORA
This session explores the impact of remittances and the role of diasporas in supporting development, with a focus on how countries can harness these financial flows for sustainable growth.

OVERALL FRAMEWORK
· Franziska Ohnsorge, Chief Economist for South Asia, World Bank


SESSION KEYNOTE
· Lyonpo Lekey Dorji, Minister, Ministry of Finance, Royal Government of Bhutan


CASE: NEPAL
· Krishna Pushkar, Secretary, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security, Nepal


CASE: MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
· Roberta Gatti, Chief Economist for Middle East and North Africa, World Bank


CASE: PHILIPPINES
· Patricia Yvonne M. Caunan, Undersecretary, Department of Migrant Workers, the Philippines

11:00 AM COFFEE BREAK
11:15 AM

PANEL DISCUSSION II: SENDING COUNTRIES
This panel explores how migrant sending countries can better leverage the economic potential of diasporas while supporting the reintegration of return migrants.

 

· Lyonpo Namgyal Dorji, Minister, Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan

· Neyamat Ullah Bhuiyan, Senior Secretary, Ministry of Expatriate Welfare and Overseas Employment, Bangladesh


· Maciej Duszczyk, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Poland


· Roberta Gatti, Chief Economist for Middle East and North Africa, World Bank


Moderator
· Stefano Paternostro, Acting Regional Director for People, South Asia Region, World Bank

12:15 PM

LUNCH

1:15 PM

SESSION 5: RETURN & REINTEGRATION
This session focuses on the challenges and opportunities associated with the return and reintegration of migrant workers, examining how governments can support their economic and social reintegration.

OVERALL FRAMEWORK
· Soonhwa Yi, Senior Economist, East Asia and Pacific Social Protection and Labor, World Bank


CASE: INDIA
· Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo, Deputy Chief Minister and Head of Special Task Force on Distress Migration, State Government of Odisha, India


CASE: BANGLADESH
· A.T.M. Mahbub-ul Karim, Project Director and Joint Secretary, Wage Earners’ Welfare Board (WEWB), Bangladesh


CASE: BHUTAN
· Kunzang Lhamu, Director General, Department of Employment and Entrepreneurship, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan


CASE: PHILIPPINES
· Francis Ron de Guzman, Assistant Secretary for Reintegration Services, Department of Migrant Workers, the Philippines

3:00 PM

CLOSING REMARK

· Dasho Kesang Deki, Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, Royal Government of Bhutan

REMARKS

Male in traditional attire

Lyonchhoen Dasho Tshering Tobgay

Prime Minister, Royal Government of Bhutan

Female in formal attire

Anna Bjerde

Managing Director of Operations, World Bank

Male in formal attire

Syud Amer Ahmed

Program Leader for Human Development, Bangladesh and Bhutan and Lead Economist, World Bank

Female in formal attire

Kunzang Lhamu

Director General, Department of Employment and Entrepreneurship, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan

Female in formal attire

Dasho Kesang Deki

Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, Royal Government of Bhutan

PANELISTS

Male in formal attire

Martin Raiser

Vice President for the South Asia Region, World Bank

Male in formal attire

Maciej Duszczyk

Undersecretary of State, Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Poland

Female in formal attire

Stefania Congia

Director General for Migration and Integration Policies, Ministry of Labour and Social Policies, Italy

Male in formal attire

Steven Biddle

Minister Counsellor, Department of Home Affairs and Regional Director South Asia, Australia

Female in formal attire

Franziska Ohnsorge

Chief Economist for South Asia, World Bank

Male in formal attire

Stefano Paternostro

Acting Regional Director for People, South Asia Region, World Bank

Male in traditional attire

Lyonpo Namgyal Dorji

Minister, Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan

Male in formal attire

Neyamat Ullah Bhuiyan

Senior Secretary, Ministry of Expatriate Welfare and Overseas Employment, Bangladesh

Female in formal attire

Roberta Gatti

Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa Region, World Bank

PRESENTERS

Male in formal attire

Pablo Acosta

Global Lead for Migration and Lead Economist, Social Protection and Labor Global Unit, World Bank

Male in formal attire

Limon Bade Rodriguez

Economist (Consultant), Social Protection and Labor Global Unit, World Bank

Male in formal attire

Young-bum Park

Professor, Hansung University; Former President, Human Resources Development, Korea

Male in formal attire

Liju George

Lead, Triple Win Program in India, GIZ

Female smiling

Halima Salak

Head of Partnership and Cooperation Division, Morocco National Agency for the Promotion of Employment and Competencies (ANAPEC)

Male in formal attire

Cem Mete

Practice Manager, South Asia Social Protection and Labor, World Bank

Female in traditional attire

Patricia Yvonne M. Caunan

Undersecretary, Department of Migrant Workers, the PhilippinesUndersecretary, Department of Migrant Workers, the Philippines

Male in formal attire

Anil Jayantha Fernando

Minister of Labour and Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Sri Lanka

Female in formal attire

Besa Kabashi-Ramaj

Executive Advisor, Heimerer Healthcare and Wellbeing Eco-Village, Kosovo

Female in formal attire

Zoe Leiyu Xie

Senior Economist, Chief Economist Office for South Asia, World Bank

Female in traditional attire

Dasho Tashi Wangmo

Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment, Royal Government of Bhutan

Female in formal attire

Hakaua Susan Harry

Director, Labour Mobility Unit, Department of Treasury, Papua New Guinea

Male in formal attire

Ali Haidar Ahmed

Minister of Higher Education, Labor and Skills Development, Maldives

Male in formal attire

Antonette Richards

Director, Social Policy, Planning and Research Division, Planning Institute of Jamaica

Male in traditional attire

Lyonpo Lekey Dorji

Minister, Ministry of Finance, Royal Government of Bhutan

Male in formal attire

Krishna Pushkar

Secretary, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security, Nepal

Female in formal attire

Soonhwa Yi

Senior Economist, East Asia and Pacific Social Protection and Labor, World Bank

Male smiling

Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo

Deputy Chief Minister and Head of Special Task Force on Distress Migration, State Government of Odisha, India

Male in formal attire

A.T.M. Mahbub-ul Karim

Project Director and Joint Secretary, Wage Earners’ Welfare Board (WEWB), Bangladesh

Male in traditional attire

Francis Ron de Guzman

Assistant Secretary for Reintegration Services, Department of Migrant Workers, the Philippines

Date: May 20 - 21, 2025 ET

Location: Thimphu, Bhutan