Purpose:Understanding SMEs’ access to finance; their green and digital transitions; and their employment preferences is critical for evidence-based policymaking in Türkiye. While various administrative datasets exist; they primarily capture firms’ current characteristics and outcomes but not their preferences; needs; or behavioral tendencies. Similarly; instruments such as the World Bank Enterprise Surveys; due to their sampling design; do not adequately represent SMEs—and particularly micro firms—that are more likely to face financial and operational constraints. Therefore; there is a need for a nationally representative survey that can comprehensively capture the evolving dynamics; needs; and constraints of SMEs across the country.Building on its global expertise and analytical leadership in enterprise data and private sector diagnostics; the World Bank is leading this effort to fill critical data and knowledge gaps. To ensure national ownership and policy relevance; the Bank has partnered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of Türkiye (KOSGEB)—the public agency mandated to support SME development and equipped with extensive administrative data infrastructure.Likewise; there is limited data on refugee employment in Türkiye; despite its critical policy relevance for labor market inclusion and social cohesion. To address this gap; and under a shared objective of promoting inclusive and sustainable private sector growth; this activity has been initiated by the World Bank with support from the UK Foreign; Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and will include specific components on refugee-related issues within the SME context.Against this backdrop; the World Bank; in collaboration with KOSGEB; is conducting a large-scale; nationally representative face-to-face SME survey covering approximately 10;000 firms. The survey; jointly designed and implemented under the World Bank’s technical leadership; will generate a unique dataset to inform evidence-based policymaking and program design. The dataset will be merged with KOSGEB’s administrative records; enabling advanced analysis of firm behavior and performance. It will collect detailed information on firm demographics; access to finance; sustainability and green practices; adoption of digital and AI technologies; and refugee-related employment dynamics. Complementing the quantitative data; focus group discussions led by the World Bank with key stakeholders will provide qualitative insights to contextualize findings.The resulting evidence will directly inform policies and operations supported under the World Bank’s Country Partnership Framework for Türkiye; guiding interventions to enhance SME productivity; competitiveness; green and digital transformation; and job creation.Objectives:The SME SURVEY in Türkiye aims to achieve the following objectives:* To generate a firm-level database on access to finance; sustainability practices; and the adoption of digitalization and artificial intelligence among SMEs in Türkiye.* To collect data on SMEs’ challenges; opportunities; and absorptive capacity in implementing sustainable and digital business practices.* To capture firms’ perceptions of refugees and assess the implications for labor market participation and formal employment.* To provide an evidence base to inform policies for enhancing SME development; resilience; and competitiveness; as well as fostering inclusive labor market integration.