On a Sunday afternoon in late June, as Hurricane Beryl barreled toward the Caribbean with alarming speed, World Bank teams across the region were racing against time.
In Bridgetown, just hours before the Category 4 storm made landfall, Barbados signed the newly launched Climate Resilient Debt Clause (CRDC) — becoming the first country in the world to do so. The clause, designed for precisely this kind of moment, allowed Barbados to pause debt repayments and redirect resources to where they were needed most.
Over the next 48 hours, five more Caribbean countries followed suit. By the time Beryl passed, six countries had signed the CRDC, and critical emergency financing was already being mobilized.
Caribbean small states are among the most disaster-vulnerable countries in the world. Their geographic position exposes them to increasingly frequent and intense storms, while their small size and concentrated economies make recovery especially challenging.
A single event — like Hurricane Beryl — can cause damages equivalent to more than 20 percent of GDP, as seen in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Events of this scale can overwhelm national budgets and reverse years of development gains in just days.
Yet for too long, many of these countries have faced their vulnerabilities with limited access to the kinds of flexible financing tools that larger or less exposed countries can more easily access.
That is now changing.
Over the past year, the World Bank has introduced a new suite of crisis response tools under the Crisis Preparedness and Response Toolkit — including debt clauses that pause payments after disasters, fast-disbursing emergency financing, more inclusive access to concessional support, rapid post-disaster damage assessments, and parametric insurance that pays out within days.
In the Caribbean — where disasters strike fast and recovery space is tight — these tools are already delivering results.
The Climate Resilient Debt Clauses are helping countries like Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, and Belize redirect funds from debt service to urgent recovery needs — a flexibility that can make all the difference when fiscal space is scarce.
The Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat DDO) is also becoming a cornerstone of disaster response. Countries like Barbados, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Grenada, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — have now adopted this tool. In the aftermath of Beryl, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines accessed a $20 million drawdown within days, demonstrating how pre-arranged financing can enable fast, proactive response.
GRADE damage assessments — another part of the toolkit — allowed governments to assess the physical impact of Beryl within weeks, supporting more evidence-based recovery planning.
Meanwhile, CCRIF SPC, the region’s parametric insurance facility supported by the World Bank, delivered over $85 million in payouts after Beryl — with funds disbursed within days, not months.
These examples underscore the diverse climate challenges faced by Caribbean nations. While hurricanes grab headlines, Suriname and Guyana are highly flood-prone, and many others struggle with water scarcity. Recognizing this, the World Bank has been tailoring its support — ensuring that tools like the CRDC cover a broader spectrum of natural catastrophes, including droughts, floods and health emergencies, not just tropical storms or hurricanes.
This ensures that support mechanisms are responsive to each country's specific vulnerabilities, not just global trends.
Another key evolution is the Bank’s flexible approach to concessional finance. Some Caribbean countries were initially excluded from International Development Association (IDA) resources due to income classifications — even as they faced some of the world’s highest disaster risks.
That, too, is shifting. Belize has recently gained access to IDA support, reflecting the growing recognition that climate vulnerability — not just income — should inform access to development finance. While Barbados remains an IBRD borrower, it is increasingly benefiting from tailored financial instruments and engagement that reflect its high exposure to natural disasters.
The Caribbean is no stranger to hardship. But with tools like the CRDC, Cat DDOs, and expanded access to concessional finance, it is now better equipped to not only recover — but to prepare, adapt, and lead.
