Aart Kraay is the World Bank Group Deputy Chief Economist and Director of Development Policy in the Development Economics Vice-Presidency of the World Bank. He joined the World Bank in 1995 after earning a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University (1995), and a B.Sc. in economics from the University of Toronto (1990). His research interests include macroeconomics in developing countries; international capital movements; growth, poverty and inequality; institutions and governance; and applied econometrics. His research on these topics has been published in scholarly journals such as the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the American Economic Journal:  Macroeconomics, the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Economic Journal, the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of International Economics, and the Journal of Economic Growth. He is a member of the editorial board of the World Bank Research Observer, former co-editor of the World Bank Economic Review, and an associate editor of the Journal of Development Economics. He has held visiting positions at the International Monetary Fund and the Sloan School of Management at MIT, and has taught at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.