Việt Nam

Corruption from the Perspective of Citizens, Firms, and Public Officials' Results of Sociological Surveys seeks to bring empirical evidence to bear on the nature, c... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + auses and consequences of corruption in Vietnam, to identify factors that constrain the effectiveness of anticorruption work, and to inform the development of the anticorruption efforts of the government in the coming years. The present study complements other surveys and brings important new dimensions to our understanding of corruption, including the perspective of public officials, a more detailed understanding of how corruption works, evidence on the anticorruption policies and institutions that seem to be working and not working, the reforms that are more likely to meet resistance from within the bureaucracy, and those for which public officials are likely to lend their support. The surveys show that corruption remains a serious problem in Vietnam. At the same time, the surveys do suggest some glimmers of hope. Many firms, citizens and officials are ready to help in the fight against corruption. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Trung Son is a $411.57 million medium-sized hydropower and development project located in Northwest Vietnam that will supply least-cost electric power for domestic ... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + consumption in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner and will contribute to improvements in dam safety in the power sector in Vietnam. The project will also contribute to the climate change agenda in Vietnam by avoiding CO2 emissions of about one million tons per year (net) taking into account the additional low emissions from its reservoir. Trung Son hydropower project includes the development, construction, and operation of the power plant using water from the Ma River and releasing it into the same basin. The project's development objective is linked to supply of the least-cost electric power in a safe and environmentally and socially sustainable way. The Trung Son hydropower project is an example of how hydropower can help support Vietnam's development in an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable way. Hiển thị ít hơn -

The Vietnam Handwashing Initiative (HWI) began in January 2006 with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from diarrheal diseases in children less than five ... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + years of age. In December 2006, Vietnam became one of four countries in the Water and Sanitation Program's (WSP) Global Scaling Up Handwashing Project. The objective of the project was to learn how to stimulate improved hand washing behaviors at large scale, sustain the activities after the project ended, and measure the impact on behavioral, health, and welfare outcomes. This learning note presents the achievements, learning, and reflections that resulted from implementing a large-scale hand washing program in Vietnam and provides recommendations for future hygiene promotion initiatives. During the four-year implementation (2006-2010), the program achieved all four of its key objectives. However, a randomized control trial (RCT) impact evaluation found no significant changes in hand washing behavior and no impact on health in children under two. Although much has been learned about how to implement a nation-wide communication program in Vietnam, behavior change at scale has proven challenging. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Cities currently account for about two-thirds of the world's annual energy consumption and about 70 percent of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the coming dec... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + ades, urbanization and income growth in developing countries are expected to push cities' energy consumption and GHG emissions shares even higher, particularly where the vast majority of people remain underserved by basic infrastructure services and where city authorities are under-resourced to shift current trajectories. SUEEP is a comprehensive framework and a step-by step guideline to help a city to develop its own energy and emissions plan. The SUEEP framework is targeted at mayors and municipal planning agencies in the EAP region, but it is also relevant for government involved with utility services delivery, transportation, economic development, housing, environmental management, government facilities management, government procurement, financial planning, risk assessment and public health. The rapid population increase and rising standard of living in the three SUEEP pilot cities are driving a considerable increase in energy consumption. In terms of their population size, Surabaya is the largest city with 2.8 million in 2010, and Da Nang being 0.9 million and Cebu 0.8 million. Da Nang is currently experiencing 11.7 percent yearly rises in energy consumption, which will lead to a doubling of energy demand in 6 years time. The increases in Surabaya and Cebu's annual energy use are 4.9 percent and 4.3 percent respectively, still notably high. Transportation is a key driver of energy demand. This sector as well as the building sector presents the largest opportunities for scaling-up energy efficiency at the city level particularly in Da Nang given the city authorities' high degree of control or influence over these two sectors. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Vietnam has achieved remarkable economic growth since the Doi Moi reforms beginning in 1986. The reform process also marks the growth of Vietnam's urban population.... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + With 30 percent of its population living in urban areas and a 3.4 percent urban population growth rate per year, the World Bank 'Vietnam urbanization review' (2012) indicates that Vietnam is moving towards a rapid urbanization stage marked by economic transformation based on industrial manufacturing. Vietnam is a one of the most disaster-prone countries in the Asia-Pacific region, exposed to multiple natural disasters including tropical cyclones, floods and inundations, landslides, and droughts. The rapid expansion of urban built up areas provides an opportunity to develop new settlements that incorporate integrated flood management at the outset into regular urban planning and governance. The ongoing US$86 million Natural Disaster Risk Management Project (NDRMP) and the US$70 million Development Policy Operation (DPO) for climate change aim at increasing the Governments and cities' capacity to enhance disaster preparedness and mitigation. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Vietnam has done a remarkable job in achieving nearly universal coverage (i.e. 96 percent) in access to electricity. Access to other important basic services such a... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + s water and sanitation remain at lower levels despite still remarkable improvement: by 2007 70 percent of urban households had access to piped water. The World Bank has been a strong supporter of Vietnam's urban development. As Vietnam urbanizes and develops, urban development will become an increasingly important part of the Bank's development assistance in Vietnam. A greater focus will be placed on knowledge services to assist policy makers. One of the primary objectives of the urbanization review is to identify challenges and options for a smooth urban transition. This is the first Vietnam urban briefs publication. Vietnam urban notes will be a regular monthly series of notes highlighting the operational, policy and analytical work on urban issues in Vietnam. Findings, views, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Hiển thị ít hơn -

The World Bank has been a privileged partner of the Government of Vietnam in one of the most impressive histories of poverty reduction in modern times. The collecti... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + on of reliable poverty data began in 1992, when an estimated 58 percent of the population lived in poverty. The most recent estimates from 2008 indicate that 14.5 percent of the population remains in poverty. According to Oxfam, Vietnam's record equates to 6000 people moving out of poverty every day for sixteen years. This report draws on this extensive background literature and as well as more recent meetings with a range of stakeholders who have participated in or observed World Bank-government collaborations on poverty reduction. It is a companion piece to the Government's partnership report 'the World Bank in companion with Vietnam on development path' for the celebration. The report highlights some key achievements of the partnership over the past two decades as well as future challenges. It is divided into five sections: poverty monitoring, poverty analysis, strategic planning for poverty reduction, partnerships in policy for poverty reduction, and partnerships in investments for poverty reduction. Hiển thị ít hơn -

The World Bank (WB) Group has been a close companion to Vietnam over the last decades in support of its development path with enormous contributions not only for Vi... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + etnam's efforts to transition from a poor, low income country to a Middle-Income Country, but also supporting Vietnam to go two-thirds of the way to achieve the Millennium Development Goals as of 2010. The Government and the World Bank want to mark this event through an overall assessment of the partnership between the two sides during the history of bilateral relations of more than three decades, pointing out positive impacts of this partnership on socio-economic development and poverty reduction in Vietnam. On that basis, it will summarize the experiences and draw useful lessons for the development of the continued strategic partnership between Vietnam and the World Bank in the new stage of development of Vietnam. The report 'Vietnam World Bank: long-term companions in development' is based on research, synthesis, analysis and assessments of WB activities in Vietnam and consultations with experts on the relationship between Vietnam and the World Bank. The achievements that Vietnam has gained are thanks to appropriate development policies of the Party and State, the efforts of hard work and creativity of the people and authorities, as well as to the sympathy and support of international friends, including the World Bank Group. Generally, the relationship between Vietnam and the World Bank Group can be divided into two phases. In the first period, , the relationship between Vietnam and the World Bank enter a very difficult stage, starting in 1978 when Vietnam embarks on a military intervention in Cambodia to help people of the neighboring country escape from persecution. Vietnam and the World Bank maintained the exchange of official delegations to learn about Vietnam and obtain a better understanding WB and its support activities in poor countries. The second phase of the Vietnam-World Bank relationship started with the WB's Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) in 1994. This CAS was based on research results, reviews and consultancies on Vietnam and Vietnam's economy made by the Bank, especially in the late 1980s. Hiển thị ít hơn -

By the year 2020, Ha Long will be a city of tourism, a center of seaborne commerce, a commercial capital and playing the role of a core urban area in the Northern r... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + egion of Vietnam. It will be a place that will attract investment and tourism from all over the world with a growing, dynamic, stable economy which is environmentally friendly. Ha Long city will become an urban development co-existing harmoniously with the Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site. It will be a technological showpiece, equipped with the latest technical and social infrastructure meeting international standards It will be an eco-urban example of how to exist within a special heritage and culture and will ensure a high standard of living for all of its residents. Hiển thị ít hơn -

Prospects for the global economy have become less certain in the second half of 2011, with significant increase in downside risks. Developing countries in East Asia... Hiển thị nhiều hơn + are growing faster than developed countries, but they too are facing challenges due to a combination of reasons including: slower expansion in demand in developed countries; the impact of global uncertainty on investor sentiments; natural disasters; and the withdrawal of stimulus policies. Vietnam's growth slowed in 2011 compared to 2010, though it is still expected to reach around 5.8 percent. The external sector has remained relatively stable. The current account deficit declined in 2011, as export performance outpaced imports and remittances grew robustly. Both import and export values saw a dramatic rise, mostly because of higher commodities prices. External debt remains sustainable, as the current account deficit was more than covered through medium-term capital inflows that are largely non debt-creating (foreign direct investments) or contracted on concessional terms (official development aid). Foreign direct investment inflows continued at a steady pace, although new commitments declined. International reserves increased in the first half of the year while the Vietnamese dong benefitted from a period of relative calm. In the last quarter of the year, however, exchange rate fluctuations increased due to volatility in gold prices, deepening uncertainties and the seasonal increase in demand for foreign currency as the year end approaches. In the longer run, Vietnam's ambition to maintain high growth into the next decade will require as bold a set of reforms as the one adopted with Doi Moi. The challenge is arguably more difficult than the previous one, and few countries in the world have accomplished it. Vietnam is endowed with a young and hard-working labor force. This is a vital asset to meet the country's ambitious goals, if the country manages to equip itself with relevant skills, and match it with necessary capital. It also needs a level-playing field to maximize its potential. As people become more educated and production becomes more sophisticated, demands for predictability, trust and a level playing field will grow. Transparency is a critical element in this. Concentration of economic power in a small number of large firms undermines efforts at creating a level playing field. Large firms and industries that circumvent rules to their advantage are promoting corruption, and undermining efficiency, which damages the country's potential. The governance challenges are complex, but Vietnam's medium term outlook will be much better if they are addressed sooner rather than later. Hiển thị ít hơn -