Speaker Profiles

Anastassia Alexandrova graduated from Moscow State University (Department of Economics) in 1994. Her professional experience includes working for an NGO International Confederation of Consumers' Unions, research team of Moscow State University, Institute of the World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Science, the World Bank Moscow office. Since 2002 she joined the Institute of Urban Economics and currently leads a Social Policy team. In this capacity Ms. Alexandrova provides leadership to design and implementation of technical assistance projects, including those sponsored by international donors such as USAID and the Ford Foundation. Areas of substance include design, administration and delivery of targeted social assistance programs, poverty monitoring and analysis, public expenditure reviews, program monitoring and evaluation. She wrote or coauthored 6 publications in 2002-2003.

Shlomo Angel is currently an Adjunct Professor of Urban Planning in the Robert Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University and a Lecturer in the Woodrow Wilsom School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Dr. Angel is a senior housing policy advisor to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and has prepared housing sector assessements for the IDB in ten Latin American countries during the past five years. In 2000, he published Housing Policy Matters: A Global Analysis (Oxford University Press), an anlysis of housing policy and housing sector performance in 53 countries. During the 1990s, he co-directed the Housing Indicators Program - a joint program of the World Bank and the UN Centre for Human Settlements - and co-authored the World Bank housing policy paper - Housing: Enabling Markets to Work - with the late Stephen Mayo. At present, Dr. Angel is the Principal Investigator of a research project entitled The Urban Growth Management Initiative. The first stage of this project -funds for which have been recently approved the the WB Research Committee - involves measuring urban landconsumption in a stratified sample of 120 cities around the world.

Patricia Annez is an Urban Advisor at the World Bank. She is a long time staff member, having worked in Operations and Finance as well as the Urban Anchor in the Bank. She was a member of the core team of the WDR 1992 on Development and the Environment. As chief of the Urban Division from 1994-1997, she managed the Bank's contributions to the Habitat II Conference in Istanbul in 1996, paving the way for the establishment of the Cities Alliance. From 1997- 2002, she worked in the private sector, as an economic and financial advisor for ABB in Canada, and later, for US corporate clients in Pricewaterhouse Coopers in New York. Since returning to the Bank, she has been involved in strategy development, project preparation and studies in the MNA and South Asia regions, and analysis of performance of municipal finance projects Bank-wide.

Margaret Arnold is currently the Acting Manager of the Disaster Management Facility (DMF), where she focuses on project management, providing technical assistance to disaster-related operations, policy and training development, and generating knowledge to assist the Bank in integrating disaster risk management into its development efforts. She is experienced in both natural disaster risk management and post-conflict reconstruction, and helped to establish the DMF in 1998. Her publications include “World Bank’s Role in Reducing the Impacts of Disasters” (Natural Hazards Review, February 2000), Building Safer Cities (2003) and Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies (2000) (co-editor), Managing Disaster Risk in Mexico (1999); and The World Bank’s Experience with Post-conflict Reconstruction.

Judy Baker is a Senior Economist at the World Bank. She currently works with the Transport and Urban Development Department, focusing on poverty issues in urban areas and the poverty reduction aspects of transport policies and projects. In this capacity, she is leading a new thematic group in the Bank on Urban Poverty. Prior to this position, Judy worked extensively in the Latin America and Caribbean Region where her work covered the development of country level poverty reduction strategies, improving public expenditures and programs targeted to the poor, evaluating poverty impact, and the spatial analysis of poverty and inequality. In 2000, she completed a book entitled Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty.

Nupur Barua is a medical anthropologist based in New Delhi. She has been working as a consultant to the World bank in New Delhi for the past two years, where she has been a core member of a work team on an Analytical and Advisory Activity on Health of the Poor in Urban India and has provided technical assistance to the Orissa Health Systems Development Team to increase involvement of 'informal service providers' in the delivery of health services in tribal areas in Orissa. Prior to this, she has worked as a research fellow and taught social anthropology at the University of Delhi after earning her Ph.D degree for her research on coping strategies of patients with chronic illnesses. Her main areas of interest include cross-cultural studies of illness, health behavior of tribal and minority communities, gender, the management of pain in chronic diseases, disability studies and participatory research.

Alain Bertaud is an urban planner specializing in urban land use issues, urban regulations and real estate markets. A former World Bank staff member, Mr. Bertaud is currently working as an independent consultant. He worked in many cities of Asia, Europe, North and South America, advising local government on structural plan development, zoning and land use regulations and housing policy. Previous to joining the Bank, Mr. Bertaud worked as a resident in Thailand for the National Housing Authority (1979,80); San Salvador for the slum upgrading program (1977); Haiti for the development of the master plan of Port au Prince (1974); Sana'a (Yemen) as a UN advisor on urban planning (1970-73), New York city planning commission (1968-70); Tlemcen (Algeria) as an urban planner (1965); Chandigarh (India) as an architect (1963). Mr. Bertaud's main publications can be accessed at http://alain-bertaud.com/. Mr. Bertaud graduated in Architecture from the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1967.

Sharit Bhowmik is Professor of Industrial and Urban Sociology at the Department of Sociology, University of Mumbai (Bombay). He has taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta and Department of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi. His research interests are tea plantation labor and the urban informal sector. He has conducted research studies on plantation labor, workers in small scale industries and street vendors. He conducted the study on street vendors in seven cities in India for the National Alliance of Street Vendors of India and was Member (Expert) of the National Taskforce on Street Vendors, appointed by the Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Government of India. He was also member of the Drafting Committee for the National Policy on Street Vendors. He is involved in the activities of NASVI and has conducted studies on some of the programs of SEWA. He is Chairman of Labor Education and Research Network (LEARN), an NGO engaged in conducting research and training of workers in the informal sector.

François J. Bourguignon was appointed as Senior Vice President for Development Economics and Chief Economist three months after he’d been named Director of the Development Research Group in the same department. A professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris since 1985 and the founder and director of the DELTA research center, Bourguignon has a long association with the World Bank. Bourguignon started his training as a mathematician, obtaining degrees in statistics and applied mathematics, respectively at the Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l’Administration Economique and the University of Paris. After two years as an expert ‘cooperant’ at the University of Chile, he obtained a Ph.D in economics at the University of Western Ontario, and later, another doctorate at the Université d’Orléans. Much of his career has been in academia: he is the author of several books and over a hundred published papers, while also serving as editor of academic journals. He has been a leader of professional associations, and advisor to many governments, including as a member of the Council of Economic Advisors to the Prime Minister of France. His primary areas of intellectual focus have been poverty, economic growth and development, income distribution and inequality. Bourguignon, 58, is married with two grown daughters, and speaks English and Spanish, as well as his native French.

H. James Brown is the President and CEO of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, an educational institution dedicated to the study and teaching of land policy, land economics and taxation. From 1970 to 1996, he was a Professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. During this time he also served as Director of the Joint Center for Housing Studies, Chairman of the City and Regional Planning Program, Director of the State, Local and Intergovernmental Center at Harvard University and Director of the MIT/Harvard University Joint Center for Urban Studies. A specialist in land use, housing, and regional economics, Brown received a bachelor's degree in economics from Ohio Wesleyan University (1962), attended the London School of Economics (1963), and was awarded an M.A. (1965) and Ph.D. (1967) in economics from Indiana University. Brown has edited and published numerous books and articles, including "The State of the Nation's Housing," an annual review of housing trends, Microeconomics and Public Policy (1988), and Land Use and Taxation: Applying the Insights of Henry George (1997).

Bob Buckley is the Housing Sector Advisor at the World Bank. He is a long time staff member who has been involved in project preparation and studies in over thirty-five countries, most recently Latvia, Russia and India. He has written extensively on real estate issues. His most recent book is Housing Finance in Developing Countries. Prior to joining the Bank he served at the US Dept of Housing and Urban Development's Chief Economist, and has taught at American University, Syracuse University, Johns Hopkins and the University of Pennsylvania.

Santiago Camargo received a degree in architecture from Javeriana University Bogotá, Colombia (1982), a Master´s Degree in Urban Planning and city management from the Urban Institute Paris, France. He served as a Master of planning Professor at Javeriana University (1991-1994. 1996 and 1999). Camargo has also worked as an Urban issues researcher at CINEP; as a consultant in urban development UNDP - National Department of Planning; as reconstruction manager in Armenia - Zone 1-FRB-FOREC; as a consultant to the Government of Cundinamarca in territorial planning (2003); and, as a urban planning and housing consultant for the Andes University-CIDER (2003).

Tim Campbell manages the World Bank Insitute's program for developing capacity in cities of the Bank's client countries. Before joining WBI, he was responsible for identifying changing demand and developing new Bank products and services for cities. He was the Bank-wide coordinator for City Development Strategies (CDS), a new analytical tool focusing on cities as the unit of analysis in national development. In addition to many policy papers on decentralization, Mr. Campbell has authored several books. "The Quiet Revolution," explores the rise of political participation in cities with the rise of decentralization in Latin America from 1983-1995 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003). A second book "Leadership and Innovation" (World Bank Institute, 2003) is a collection of case studies of leading local governments in Latin America. He holds a B.A. in Political Science from U. C. Berkeley (1966), a Master's in City and Regional Planning from U.C. Berkeley (1970) and a Ph.D. in Urban Studies and Planning from M.I.T. (1980).

Martha Chen is a Lecturer in Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Government and Coordinator of the global research-policy network called Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO). An experienced development practitioner and scholar, her areas of specialization are gender and development, poverty alleviation, and the informal economy. She has long-term resident experience in Bangladesh, where she worked with one of the world's largest and best-known non-governmental organizations (BRAC), and in India, where she worked with over 50 non-governmental organizations in her capacity as field representative of Oxfam America for India and Bangladesh. Since joining Harvard University in 1987, Dr. Chen has undertaken three major field studies in India; pursued policy research on women's economic role in development; introduced four new courses on international development at the Kennedy School of Government; spent three years as a Visiting Professor at Radcliffe College; written or edited six books as well as numerous articles and monographs; provided advisory services to various donor agencies and non-governmental organizations; and co-founded the global research-policy network in support of low-income workers - especially women - in the informal economy. Dr. Chen received a Ph.D. in South Asia Regional Studies from the University of Pennsylvania.

Mariam Claeson is the Lead Public Health specialist in the Health, Nutrition and Population sector of the Human Development Department of the World Bank, currently task managing the health related MDG work program. She is a physician and public health specialist who, prior to joining the Bank in 1995, worked with the World Health Organization as program manager for the global program for the control of diarrhoeal diseases 1987- 1993). She has worked extensively in developing countries, including as medical doctor at primary care level (Bangladesh and Bhutan, 1983-84), and at the ministry of health (Ethiopia, 1984-86). She coordinated the Bank's note on public health: Public health and the World Banks and is currently co-editor of the Disease Control Priorities Project , a joint WHO, World Bank, NIH and Gates project. As public health thematic group coordinator 1998 - 2002 she initiated the public health at a glance series, and promoted intersectoral R&D activities on indoor air pollution, road safety, and water and sanitation.

Kevin Cleaver manages the World Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Program. In this capacity he manages the Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Board, which consists of rural development managers around the Bank. He is responsible for setting the Bank's corporate strategy in this area, and oversees its implementation throughout the Bank. He oversees recruitment of rural development and agriculture experts into the Bank, represents the Bank in for a dealing with rural development issues. He is assisted by a Central Agriculture and Rural Development Department consisting of experts in the various sub-specializations relevant to these areas. This staff supports operational staff. He previously was the Director for Environment, Rural Development and Social Development in the Europe and Central Asia Region of the Bank. In this capacity he managed approximately 150 staff that worked on these sectors in this region. Most of the work was project development and supervision and analytical work. Mr. Cleaver received a BA in International Relations and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania. He also received an MA and PhD in Development/International Economics from Tufts University.

Stephen Commins was a member of the core team for the World Development Report 2004, and is currently working on a range of follow up projects related to the WDR's theme, "Making Services Work for Poor People". Prior to his work on World Development Report 2004, Stephen Commins was coordinator for the World Bank's Children and Youth Network, responsible for program coordination with UNICEF, and the Bank's lead representative at the UN Summit for Children in 2002. His work at the World Bank has included the UN Youth Employment Network, various initiatives with civil society organizations, and support for country operations related to children and adolescent well-being. He is also task manager for Human Development Forum 2003. Prior to joining the World Bank in 1998, He was Director of Policy and Planning at World Vision International, and then Director of Global Analysis and Policy at World Vision U.S. Prior to that, he was Director of the Development Institute at the UCLA African Studies Center. He is currently a Lecturer in the Department of Urban Planning at UCLA, and a Professor of Practice at the Elliott School of International Relations at the George Washington University.

Uwe Deichmann is a Senior Environmental Specialist in the Development Research Group and coordinator of its Spatial Analysis Team. His research interests are in the geographic aspects of development. He is currently working on approaches to information-based urban management in rapidly growing cities and on poverty-environment linkages. Prior to joining the World Bank he worked for the UN Environment Programme and the UN Statistics Division. He holds a Ph.D. in Geography from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

Lesley Dove is a principal economic and management consultant working with GHK International. She has nine years experience with NGOs, and ten years experience as a consultant in national and local government institutional reform; with particular reference to the inclusion of the poor through participatory methods for research, planning and monitoring and evaluation and the procedural, institutional and personal changes that ensue. She has worked in a number of African and Asian countries.

David Dowall is Professor of City and Regional Planning, and Director of the Institute of Urban and Regional Development at the University of California at Berkeley. Dowall joined the faculty in 1976, and teaches graduate courses on urban economics, economic development and infrastructure planning and finance. He has served as a consultant and policy advisor to governments and businesses worldwide. His most recent book is Making Room for the Future: Rebuilding California's Infrastructure. David E. Dowall holds a B.S. in economics from the University of Maryland and an M.U.R.P. in urban planning and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Colorado.

Amaresh Dubey is Associate Professor in the Department of Economics, North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India. His main area of research is poverty assessment and labour market as well as other forms of deprivation. He has co-authored a widely cited monograph on poverty, "Counting the Poor: Where are the Poor in India?" in 1998. Besides the monograph, he has published over a dozen papers on poverty and related issues. His notable papers on urban poverty are city size and poverty in India, poverty and inequality among Indian Metropolises and poverty in small and medium towns in India. He has also worked out several commissioned papers for the World Bank and Department for International Development (DFID) on different aspects of poverty and nutrition in India.

Alain Durand-Lasserve is a Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in France. He is attached to the SEDET Research Centre, University Denis-Diderot in Paris, and specialises in urban land management and policies in developing countries. During the past few years, he has been responsible for - or involved in - various research initiatives on tenure upgrading and regularisation policies for informal settlements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, for various bilateral and multilateral co-operation agencies. He is currently co-ordinating a joint French-British research project on "Changes in customary land delivery systems in Sub-Saharan African cities." Recent publication: "Holding their Ground. Secure Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries", Earthscan, 2002.

Lire Ersado is a economist (YP) at the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the ESSD Network, The World Bank Group. He has joined the World Bank's rural development strategy implementation team. Prior to joining the Bank, Lire was a postdoctoral Fellow at International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). At IFPRI, he had worked on a research program on urban food security and nutrition and urban-rural linkages. Lire's research areas included economic policy reform program; changes in urban livelihood strategies; income diversification; child labor and schooling decisions; and public investments in water and tree development projects. Lire's research work has covered many countries including Egypt, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Peru and Zimbabwe.

Adriana Fausto Brito Architect (University of Guadalajara, Mexico), Master in Urban & Regional Planning (University Institute of Architecture in Venice, Italy) and Ph.D. candidate in Geography and Urban Planning (IHEAL, University of Paris III, France). She is a Researcher at the Center of Metropolitan Studies and professor of postgraduate programs at the University of Guadalajara. She has done research on housing, informal settlements, land and urban policy - with special participation in projects financed by CONACYT (the National Council for Science and Technology) and others sponsored by local Mexican governments. Current research focuses on vacant land in Guadalajara. She has written several articles on land regularization, land use planning tools and urban management, the conservation of historical centers, vacant land and urban development. She has edited a set of four books on land reserves policies in Mexico.

Emmanuel Fiadzo is currently working as a consultant for the Bank in the Africa Region, covering Equitoria Guinea and Gabon. He is a Fellow at the Joint Center for Housing Studies at the Harvard University. Previously he was the Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister of the Central Africa Republic. Mr. Fiadzo studied at the University of Georgia where he obtained a Ph.D in Applied Economics and at the University of Bordeaux, France for French language training.

Erica Field is an economist specializing in the fields of development, labor and economic demography. She completed her Ph.D. in economics in 2003 from Princeton University, and is currently a Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Research Fellow at Harvard University. She will be joining the economics department at Harvard as an assistant professor in the spring of 2005. Her dissertation research examined various dimensions of the household welfare effects of an urban land titling program in Peru, including the impact on labor supply, credit access, public goods provision and fertility. She is presently an affiliated researcher at the Group for Development Analysis (GRADE) in Lima and previously spent time in Peru as a Fulbright Fellow. Field's current research examines the link between, health inequality, individual health investments and economic mobility.

Fitz Ford, a Jamaican national, joined the Bank for the second time in 1991, assigned to the Urban Anchor. He was recently appointed Urban Sector Leader, a position in which he had been acting since January, 2002. He had been a Lead Urban Sector Specialist since 2000, and in that role specialized in local government and intergovernmental fiscal reform programs, especially in the context of decentralization. He authored two chapters of the Bank's Guidelines on Decentralization. Previously, Mr. Ford was Senior and Principal Urban Economist (1998) and from 1991 to 1992 managed the Urban Management Program, an international, multi-donor supported program of research and dissemination, sponsored jointly with UNDP and UNCHS. He also lead the management development program for the administration of Washington, D. C. as part of the World Bank's D. C. Outreach program, working in partnership with George Washington University. He has worked on several countries, in all of the regions of the world, including a resident assignment in Indonesia during his first period with the Bank (1978-87). Mr. Ford also has taught at the University of Maryland and the University of the West Indies. His PhD in Urban and Regional Planning is from the University of Michigan.

Mila Freire is Regional Adviser of Urban Housing and Municipal Services for the Finance, Private Sector and Infrastructure group in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley and has held different positions in Africa, Latin America and Caribbean Regional units of the World Bank as well as in the World Bank Institute where she was dealing with issues of structural adjustment, public finance, decentralization and urban management. Mila served three years in the Resident Mission in Brazil and in 1992 took an external assignment as Managing Director of Caixa Geral de Deposits, the largest bank in Portugal. In 1998 she joined WBI as Regional Coordinator for the LAC program and director of the Urban and City Management course. Prior to her current appointment, Mila served as Sector Manager for the Urban Unit in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mila has published extensively in the fields of public financing, decentralization, and urban management.

Steven Friedman is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Policy Studies, an independent policy research institute in Johannesburg, South Africa. He is a political scientist whose has specialized in the study of democratization, its preconditions and prospects. During the 1980s, this prompted a series of studies of reform apartheid and its implications for a democratic future, during the early work on the South African transition to democracy both before and after the elections of 1994 and latterly research into the relationship between democracy and social inequality. This current work focuses on the implications of inequality for democracy and feasible responses by new democracies to inequality. He is the author of Building Tomorrow Today (1987), a study of the South African trade union movement and the implications of its growth for democracy, and the editor of The Long Journey (1993) and The Small Miracle (1995 with Doreen Atkinson), which presented the outcome of two Centre for Policy Studies research projects in the South African transition.

James L. Garrett is a Research Fellow in the Food Consumption and Nutrition Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). He has co-led a research program at IFPRI on urban livelihoods and urban food and nutrition security since 1996. Since then, he has worked extensively with CARE on issues related to urban programming. In 2003-2004 he will also coordinate a research project funded by DFID to look at urban-rural linkages and transformations.

Roy Gilbert is an economist/urban planner who, for over thirty years has been providing advisory services to international organizations, firms and banks wishing to invest in cities in developing countries. For most of this period, he did this through IMPACT Analysis, a business collaborative with a global reach that he set up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From there, he worked on issues of city development for international clients in more than thirty countries worldwide, as well as making inputs to more than 50 World Bank financed projects. In addition, he conducted research into urban economies and economic development, and participated in training on these themes both as receiver and provider. More recently, he joined the World Bank where he is currently the Urban Coordinator of Sector and Thematic Evaluations and is responsible for the ex-post evaluation of completed urban operations financed by the Bank. His academic education is UK based, where he received a PhD from the Development Planning Unit of University College, London, after earlier studies in economics and urban planning.

Rosario Giusti de Perez received her degree in Architecture from the University of Zulia and a Masters in Architecture and City Planning from the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Giusti has been an active faculty member of the School of Architecture at the University of Zulia and the Architecture Research Institute since 1975. Since 1980, Mrs. Giusti has been in the board of directors of A.T. Sistemas Consultores Asociados (Urban Design and Planning consultants), coordinating Urban Development Plans for several cities of the Zulia region. Mrs. Giusti has been the winner of several awards in recognition for her work and innovation in urban design, including the 1997 Carlos Raúl Villanueva Award, granted by the "Colegio de Arquitectos de Venezuela," for academic and research experience, first prize in the IX Bienal Nacional de Arquitectura, Category Urban Space, 1998, in recognition of her work in the "Renewal Project for Plaza Baralt," Maracaibo, Venezuela. Mrs. Giusti has also been responsible for the creation and implementation of five cutting edge projects seeking to improve barrios in Venezuelan cities. The success of these projects has given Mrs. Giusti national recognition as one of the leading expert in the field squatter area development. Current position: President A.T Sistemas Consultores Asociados.

Edward Glaeser is a Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at
Harvard University, where he has taught since 1992. He teaches urban and social
economics and microeconomic theory. He has published dozens of papers on cities,
economic growth, and law and economics. In particular, his work has focused on the
determinants of city growth and the role of cities as centers of idea transmission. He also
edits the Quarterly Journal of Economics. He received his Ph.D. from the University of
Chicago in 1992.

Margarita Greene qualified as an Architect at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC) in 1973, obtained a MA in Sociology at the same university in 1988, and a PhD in Advanced Architectura Studies at University College London in 2002. She is Associate Professor and former Deputy Director at the School of Architecture, PUC, from where she has directed national and international consultancies as well as research projects in the urban and housing field. She has carried out work for the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB), Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), United Nations (UN), Chilean Ministries of Housing and of the Interior, as well as other national and international organizations. She has also directed research projects funded by the European Union, British Embassy and the Chilean Science and Research Council (CONICYT). Much of her earlier work involved the design and evaluation of neighbourhood upgrading programmes for the urban poor, but recently she has become involved with urban integration, residential security and renewal of city centres.

Murtaza Haider holds a joint appointment with the School of Urban Planning and the Department of Civil Engineering at McGill University where he teaches travel demand forecasting and urban infrastructure investment. Professor Haider's research has focussed on integrated transportation-land use modeling, real estate market dynamics, and equity concerns in mobility. He is a member of the Transportation Research Board's Transportation and Land Development committee. A graduate of Engineering University in Peshawar, he later earned a Masters in transportation engineering and planning, and a Ph.D. in urban systems analysis from the University of Toronto. He also obtained a certificate in magazine journalism from Ryerson University. As a former journalist, he has written extensively on development issues in South Asia.

Arif Hasan is an architect/planner in private practice in Karachi. He studied architecture at the Oxford Polytechnic and on his return to Karachi in 1968, established an independent practice which slowly evolved into dealing with urban planning and development issues. He has been a consultant and advisor to many local and foreign CBOs, national and international NGOs, and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. Since 1982, he has been involved with the Orangi Pilot Project and is the founder Chairman of the Urban Resource Centre, Karachi, since its inception in 1989. Both institutions have received international recognition and are being replicated both nationally and in a number of other countries. He has taught at Pakistani and European universities, served on juries of international architectural and development competitions, and is the author of a number of books on development and planning.

Eric J. Heikkila is Associate Professor at USC's School of Policy, Planning, and Development. His research focuses on urban development issues, with a special emphasis on the application of economic principles to urban planning. He is the author of Economics of Planning (CUPR Press), and consults widely nationally and internationally. He is co-Founder and Executive Secretary of the Pacific Rim Council on Urban Development. His current research investigates a fuzzy urban set method for characterizing urbanization, and he has recently begun a book on City Shaping: an inquiry into the forces influencing urban development.

Paola Jirón (BComm, Canada, MSc, UK) is a Professor and Researcher at the Institute of Housing (INVI) - an interdisciplinary research entity within the Faculty de Architecture and Urbanism at Universidad de Chile. From 2000 to 2003 she was the Director of INVI at the University of Chile. Her research and professional work has been particularly centred in the areas of quality of life in low income settlements, residential well-being and habitability as well as gender in human settlements, urban management and housing location in urban areas. She has written many articles on these topics and been involved in several consultancies in these areas. She is currently undertaking Chilean government financed researches on "Determination of housing well-being standards to improve low income housing in Chile" and "Quality of Life and gender in Human Settlements."

Tej Kumar Karki is an Urban Planner who graduated from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, in 1991. He has fifteen years of work experience in the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC). During his tenure, he has held the position of Acting Division Chief in the Kathmandu Division Office, DUDBC, of Deputy Coordinator on the "Urban and Environmental Improvement Project" supported by the Asian Development Bank between 2000 and 2002. Mr. Karki acted as Coordinator to the "Urban Sector Strategy" study supported by the Asian Development Bank between 1999 and 2000, and before that, held the position of Town Controller in the Lalitpur Town Planning Office of Kathmandu Valley between 1996 and 1999. Mr. Karki also worked in various district offices of DUDBC from 1988 to 1998. His major tasks were conducting urban and environmental studies, preparation of town planning schemes, and implementation of urban development projects. Mr. Karki has also been visiting faculty to the MSc. Urban Planning Students of Tribhuvan University and the MSc. in Environmental Management students of Pokhara University. His article, "Implementation experiences of land pooling projects in Kathmandu Valley" (Habitat International Journal, UK, November 2002) is in press. In addition, Mr. Karki works as a Executive Member of the Regional and Urban Planners' Society of Nepal (RUPSON); life member of the Nepal Engineers' Association (NEA), Society of the Nepalese Architects (SONA) and the GIS Society of Nepal.

Kevin Kelly is Research Director of Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation (CADRE), and is based at the Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, South Africa. He has more than a decade of experience in HIV/AIDS program development research, and is the managing editor of African Journal of AIDS Research. His main area of current work is local government responses to HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, with particular reference to: decentralization of national HIV/AIDS intervention programs; multi-sectoralism and inter-governmental relations; the developmental role of local government; and the challenges of coordinating and integrating government, civil society and business intervention initiatives at municipal level. Further information about the work of CADRE may be found at http://www.cadre.org.za.

Gina Kennedy works in the field of public health nutrition, currently focussing on issues related to nutritional status in urban areas in the context of globalizing food systems. Her work is concentrated on analyzing and addressing both under and over nutrition in urban population groups and development of strategies to address the spectrum of urban nutritional problems. She is presently a consultant with the Nutrition Planning, Assessment and Evaluation Service of the Food and Agriculture Organization. She has worked in many countries throughout Africa, Asia and the Pacific and has extensive experience in Kiribati and Guinea. She holds a Bachelors degree from Georgetown University and a Masters degree in Public Health from the University of Alabama.

Valerie Kozel is an economist working on World Bank's Human Development team for Southern Africa. In addition to her current work in Africa, she has worked extensively on low-income countries in South and East Asia, with particular focus on India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. Over the years, she has written extensively on issues related to poverty and vulnerability in rural as well as urban settings, with the aim of better integrating economic, social, and political factors in the World Bank's poverty agenda. She has done innovative cross-disciplinary work on poverty and vulnerability that integrates quantitative survey-based methodologies with qualitative methodologies. Her current work includes research on risk and vulnerability, with particular focus on conflict-affected regions and countries under stress, risks introduced e.g. by HIV/AIDS, other health shocks, climate shocks, urban labor markets and unemployment, also poverty and structural adjustment policies in southern Africa. She received an MS from the Transportation Center, Northwestern University, and a PhD from the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, MIT.

Sunil Kumar lectures on the Master's in Social Policy, Planning and Participation in Developing Countries, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science. He has a PhD in Planning Studies from the Development Planning Unit, University College London. Sunil has worked on issues relating to urban social development for over 15 years. He was a senior research fellow at South Bank University before joining the LSE. In 1987, he acted as Asian Regional Coordinator for the UN - Habitat's International Year of Shelter for the Homeless and organized a regional conference on the Role of NGOs in Human Settlements. He has undertaken consultancies for the Department for International Development (DFID) and NGOs such as Intermediate Technology Development Group. He is currently the chair of Appropriate Technology Asia, a charity that works in high altitude regions of China, India and Nepal. Social Relations, Rental Housing Markets and the Poor in Urban India is the title of recent research for DFID published by the Department of Social Policy. Sunil's interests include housing policy and practice, urban poverty and social policy, the management of urban change and the role of civil society, informal institutions and politics in urban social development. He is currently exploring the interface between the state and faith-based and secular organizations.

Somik V. Lall is an Economist in the Infrastructure/Environment team of the World Bank's Development Research Group. His current research interests include examining (a) how local government finances can be enhanced to improve provision of basic services, (b) the contribution of infrastructure and urban amenities to economic productivity, and (c) the effects of urban concentration on efficiency and inequality within countries. He has recently initiated a policy research program to work with local governments in rapidly growing urban areas for promoting public disclosure of credible information to offset costs imposed by weak institutions and improve the effectiveness of public programs. Somik holds a B.S. in Engineering, Masters in City and Regional Planning, and a Ph.D. in Public Policy.

Frances Lund is Associate Professor in the School of Development Studies at the University of Natal, Durban, South Africa - www.nu.ac.za. She combines this part time post with being Director of WIEGO's Social Protection Program (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing) - www.wiego.org. Her background is in sociology, and community development, and she worked as a community worker in urban townships and in rural areas before specializing in social policy research. A special research area has been the role of state support in poverty reduction, and mechanisms of support for young children. She has two main research interests within WIEGO: first, the extent to which informal workers can get access to social security and social protection; second, the extent to which the local state can be the institutional vehicle for promotion and support of poorer informal workers. She has had consultancies with national, provincial (KwaZulu-Natal, North West) and local government, with local and international NGOs and donors agencies (e.g. HIVOS, ICCO, DFID), as well as with the World Bank and the ILO. She is an Associate Member of the Department of Social Policy, Oxford University.

Michael Majale recently joined the Global Urban Research Unit (GURU) in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne from the Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG), an international non-governmental organisation, where he worked first as Programme Architect-Planner in the Eastern Africa regional office in Kenya and then lately as an International Projects Manager in the UK office. Before joining ITDG, he worked as a Research Fellow in the Housing and Building Research Institute (HABRI) of the University of Nairobi. He holds a Bachelors degree in Architecture and a Masters degree in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Nairobi and a PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Much of his recent research work, which includes participatory action research projects supported by DFID's Engineering Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme, has focused on improving the living conditions and livelihoods of urban poor people living in informal settlements in the South.

Stephen Malpezzi is Professor, Wangard Faculty Scholar, and Chairperson of the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Department of Real Estate and Urban Land Economics (http://www.bus.wisc.edu/realestate). Dr. Malpezzi's research includes work on economic development, the measurement and determinants of real estate prices, housing demand, and on the effects of economic policies on real estate markets. Prior to joining UW, Malpezzi was an economist specializing in urban development at the World Bank from 1981 to 1990. He was affiliated with the Urban Institute from 1977 to 1981. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from the George Washington University, an M.A. in international affairs from the same university, and a B.A. in political science from LaSalle College. Among other recent activities, Malpezzi was a member of Wisconsin's Blue Ribbon Commission on State and Local Partnerships, chaired by Professor Don Kettl. Recent publications include "Economic Analysis of Housing Markets in Developing and Transition Economies," in Volume III of the Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. His monograph with Richard Green, A Primer on U.S. Housing Markets and Policy, has recently been published by the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.

Milla McLachlan, a South African national, joined the World Bank in 1998. She facilitates the Human Development Network's response to malnutrition by providing strategic and technical leadership on nutrition issues in regional and country programs, and on global partnerships for improved nutrition. She is co-author of Combating malnutrition: Time to Act, a joint publication with UNICEF. Prior to joining the World Bank, Ms McLachlan was Principal Policy Analyst at the Development Bank of Southern Africa, responsible for initiating and coordinating research on nutrition and other human development issues, and providing policy advice on nutrition, food security and poverty in the region.

Roberta Balstad Miller is the author, with Christopher Small, of "Cities from Space: Potential Applications of Remote Sensing in Urban Environmental Research and Policy," Environmental Science & Policy, 6(2003), 129-137. As chair of the US National Academy of Science Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization, she wrote Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government: Information for Management and Decision Making (Washington: National Academies Press, 2003). She is Director of the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University and coordinator of the Earth Institute's 21st Century Cities project and serves on the Board of Directors of the OpenGIS Consortium, a consortium of hardware and software firms in the geospatial industry.

Winnie Mitullah is a researcher and a lecturer at the Institute for Development Studies (IDS), University of Nairobi. She holds a PhD in Political Science and Public Administration. Her PhD thesis was on Urban Housing, with a major focus on policies relating to low income housing. Over the years, she has researched, written and consulted in the areas of urban development, with a focus on housing, informal urban economy, politics, institutions, governance, and the role of stakeholders in development. Recently completed works include a contribution to the Global Report on Human Settlements 2003, case study of Nairobi; contribution to the fourth-coming World Development Report on Investment Climate and Informal Enterprises, a study commissioned by the ILO on the Informal Labor in the Construction Industry in Kenya: A Case Study of Nairobi and a book chapter on `Gender Inclusion in Transition Politics: A Review and Critique of Women's Engagement.'

Rakesh Mohan is currently Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India since September 9, 2002. He was earlier Director & Chief Executive of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations effective from May 16, 2002 and Vice Chairman, Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC). Prior to that, he was the Adviser to the Finance Minister and Chief Economic Adviser from January 2001, and Executive Vice Chairman of the Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC) between September 2000 and January 2001. Earlier, he served as the Director General of the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi from May 1996 - September 2000. He is presently Member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister; Member of the Board of Governors at the Institute of Economic Growth; Member, Board of Governors, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy; Member, Governing Body, National Council of Applied Economic Research; Member, Board of Governors, Centre for Policy Research; and Member, Board of Governors, Madras School of Economics; he earned his B.Sc (Electrical Engineering) at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, B.A .(Economics) at Yale University and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics at Princeton University. He is the author of three books on urban economics and urban development and co-author of one on Indian economic policy reforms and of numerous articles.

Mark Montgomery is Professor of Economics at the State University of New York, Stony Brook and Senior Associate, the Population Council. With Richard Stren, he co-chaired the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Panel on Urban Population Dynamics from 1999 to 2003, which focused on issues of health, reproductive health, poverty, and governance in the cities of developing countries. The panel's report, Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World, was published by the National Academy Press in October 2003. He has written extensively on demographic issues in developing countries, with recent emphasis on the measurement of living standards with survey data, the linkages between fertility and children's schooling, social models of risk perception, and the role of social networks and social learning in demographic behavior.

Diana Motta is a specialist on issues of urban development at the Applied Economic Research Institute - IPEA linked to the Ministry of Planning in Brazil. She has coordinated national research regarding urban policy issues and advises the public sector and multilateral organizations on urban development issues. Ms. Motta coordinated the research, organized and edited twelve books on the Brazilian urban system and urban land management in metropolitan regions in Brazil. She also has written on urban issues, such as urban land management tools and Brazilian urban policy. She is presently in a joint initiative with the World Bank and Cities Alliance coordinating a strategy for urban upgrading in Brazil, comprising four blocks of studies i) urban growth and land markets ii) property rights, iii) taxation and iv) urban regulation. Before joining IPEA, she has worked for fifteen years with the formulation of Brazilian urban policy, projects and legislation at the Brazilian National Council of Urban Development and at the several Ministries involved with Urban Development in Brazil. She holds a B. A in Architecture and City Planning and Master's Degree in City Planning from the University of Brasilia, Brazil.

Frederick Mugisha is an Associate Research Scientist with the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), whose mandate is to improve the well-being of Africans through policy relevant research. He holds doctorate of Science from Heidelberg University, Germany. He was worked with the WHO Global Program on evidence for health policy, Medical Research Council (UK) program on HIV/AIDS in Uganda and the Ministry of Health in Uganda. His research centers on understanding changing linkages between urban poverty and health. He is involved in a regional urban research program on environment, poverty and heath and a longitudinal research project in the slums of Nairobi undertaking continuous surveillance of the population. He is also currently involved in an effort to estimate country specific purchasing power parity for monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals.

Naison Mutizwa-Mangiza is Chief of the Policy Analysis and Dialogue Branch at the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). He is the chief editor of UN-HABITAT's Global Report on Human Settlements, which is published every two years. He has worked at UN-HABITAT in various capacities since 1991 and, prior to that, was professor of urban and regional planning at the University of Zimbabwe from 1981 to 1991. He was also Chairman of Zimbabwe's Urban Development Corporation from 1988 to 1991. His research and publications have largely been in urban and regional policy, urban housing and urban management. He is currently a member of the International Editorial Board of the journal International Planning Studies, and has also been on the editorial boards of the Journal of Contemporary African Studies and Regional Development Studies. He read Geography and Land Economy at the University of Cambridge, from which he received a BA and an MA in Geography, as well as MPhil and PhD degrees in Land Economy.

Walter Odhiambo graduated from the University of Hohenheim Germany with a PhD in Economics. He is currently the Head of the Productive Sector Division of the Kenya Institute Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA). He is also associated with the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. His current research focus is poverty analysis both in urban and rural areas. He has been a member of the technical team that has prepared the Kenya Human Development Reports for 2001 and 2003 and has wide experience in research and consultancy.

Bachir Oloude Urbaniste-Gestionnaire de formation - Expert en Gestion Urbaine et Développement Municipal. Tout au long de son parcours professionnel, il a dirigé plusieurs projets de développement urbains au Bénin et a développé et mise en œuvre des outils de gestion urbaine permettant le renforcement des capacités des Collectivités Locales d'une part et la réduction de la pauvreté en milieu urbain d'autre part. Il a mené aussi des opérations pilotes d'aménagement foncier visant à régulariser et à faciliter l'accès à la propriété foncière aux couches les plus pauvres grâce à des mécanismes de participation et de gestion communautaires. Il a travaillé sur la réhabilitation du patrimoine architectural et urbanistique au Bénin et sur la valorisation du Patrimoine architectural de Porto-Novo, comme moyens de lutte contre la pauvreté. Auteur de plusieurs articles et co-auteur du livre " Porto-Novo, Ville d'Afrique Noire - Edition Parenthèse ". Il a fondé et dirigé en tant que Directeur Général, la Société d'Etudes Régionales, d'Habitat et d'Aménagement Urbain (SERHAU-SA) pendant plus de 15 ans. Il est Consultant et s'intéresse actuellement à la recherche urbaine.

Elinor Ostrom is the Arthur F. Bentley Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, and the Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, Indiana University, Bloomington. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2001; is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and a recipient of the Frank E. Seidman Prize in Political Economy and the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science. Her books include Governing the Commons; Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources (with Roy Gardner and James Walker); Local Commons and Global Interdependence: Heterogeneity and Cooperation in Two Domains (with Robert Keohane); Trust and Reciprocity: Interdisciplinary Lessons from Experimental Research (with James Walker); and The Commons in the New Millennium: Challenges and Adaptations (with Nives Dolšak).

Geoffrey Payne is a housing and urban development consultant. He has undertaken consultancy, research and training assignments in most parts of the world. He has taught in several universities, written, edited or contributed to many publications and participated in numerous international conferences and workshops. His specializations include land tenure and property rights, regulatory frameworks for new urban development, public-private partnerships and participatory project design.

Glenn Pearce-Oroz, a Chilean and American national, holds a bachelor in economics from Northwestern University (USA) and a master in community and regional planning from the University of New Mexico (USA). After working several years as an urban planner for a municipality in Chile, Mr. Pearce-Oroz joined the World Bank where he worked on natural resource management and social development projects in Brazil and urban development activities in Latin America. Mr. Pearce-Oroz is currently USAID's Urban & Municipal Development Officer in Honduras where he manages decentralization and technical assistance activities in 46 secondary cities throughout the country. Mr. Pearce-Oroz recently authored "Causes and Consequences of Rapid Urban Spatial Segregation: the New Towns of Tegucigalpa," in Desegregating the City (SUNY Press, publication forthcoming), and "Ribera Norte: la mayor iniciativa de renovación urbana en Chile" that will appear in a textbook being prepared by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Janice Perlman is Professor of Comparative Urban Studies at Trinity College in Hartford, Conn. She is also President of the Mega-Cities Project, Inc., a non-profit network of collaboration among the world's largest cities, which she founded in 1986, after giving up her tenure in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of California at Berkeley. She holds a B.A. from Cornell University in Anthropology and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Political Science. Her book, The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro, received the C. Wright Mills Award in 1976 for the year's most outstanding contribution to social policy and is widely used around the world by students and scholars of urbanization. Prof. Perlman's experience in urban development includes serving as Coordinator of President Carter's Neighborhood Task Force on Urban Policy; Advisor to the World Bank Urban Projects Department; Executive Director of Strategic Planning for the New York City Partnership; Director of Science, Technology and Public Policy at the New York Academy of Sciences; and consultant to various non-profit and governmental organizations in the USA and abroad. Dr. Perlman was a Fulbright Scholar for 2000-2001, is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and serves on the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as on various advisory boards and committees including the World Bank's Urban Gateway and Glocal Forum.

Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard is currently Director for Transport and Urban Development in the World Bank. Before assuming this responsibility, she held several managerial positions in Infrastructure, in Transport and in Urban in Sub-Saharan Africa. She accumulated considerable operational experience in the Bank in Infrastructure in the Middle East, Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, including, during four years, in the Health and Education sectors to develop programs of decentralized services. Ms Plessis-Fraissard holds a Master of quantitative Geography from the Paris VII University, and a PhD in Geography from Leeds (UK). Before joining the Bank as Young Professional in 1981 she taught mathematics at the University of Paris VII and carried out a number of consultancies modeling population changes and regional planning including with the French Census Bureau (INSEE), the Paris Region Urban Planning Institute (IAURIF), the Research Institute on Transport (now INRETS), and the Transport Directorate of the then European Community.

Mary Racelis is Research Scientist at the Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo de Manila University, and its former Director. A sociologist, she has published extensively on poverty and well-being, urbanization, community organizing and people's empowerment, civil society,
gender, children and youth, and socio-cultural change. She works closely with community based NGOs and People's Organizations, and serves on several local and international NGO boards. Her development experience includes having been Regional Director, UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; Country Representative, Ford Foundation, Manila; and a consultant to the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, UNICEF, and other multi-lateral
institutions. At the invitation of United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan, she is currently serving as a member of the High Level Panel on United Nations Relations with Civil Society.

Gandham N. V. Ramana is a public health physician with expertise in large scale social sector program management and operations research in developing countries and working with the World Bank since 1998. In his current position, Mr. Ramana is a task leader for three Bank supported projects in different states of India with focus on immunization, reproductive health and development of cohesive health systems at state level. He is also a core member of Sector work team which studied the public private roles in health care, and played active role in development of new immunization strengthening project. Prior to the World Bank, Mr. Ramana was a Faculty Member at the Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad.

Benjamin Reif is the President of Reif Consultores Asociados, a Venezuelan consulting firm on urban planning and development. Until recently he has been sharing this position with academic activity at the Central University of Venezuela. His area of expertise includes urban and regional planning, community development and environmental impact analysis. He has worked as Latin America and Caribbean regional coordinator for the Habitat UN Conference held in Vancouver and as consultant to the UN Center for Housing, Building and Planning. Among his writings can be found the book "Models in Urban and Regional Planning" published in England, United States and Spain. He has a degree in Architecture from the Central University of Venezuela. Holds a graduate diploma in Development and Tropical Studies from the A. A. School of Architecture, London; M.Sc. in Operational Research from Cranfield Institute of Technology, England; and a Ph.D. in Urban Studies and Planning from MIT, USA.

David Satterthwaite is a Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and also on the teaching staff of the London School of Economics and of University College London. His training was as a Development Planner and he also has a Doctorate from the London School of Economics in social policy. He has been the editor of the international journal Environment and Urbanization from its inception in 1989 and is currently a Member of the UN Millennium Development Goals Taskforce on Slum Dwellers. Most of his work has been research on poverty reduction in urban areas in Africa, Asia and Latin America, undertaken with local teams. He has advised various international agencies including UNICEF, World Health Organization, OECD, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the European Commission, DFID, DANIDA and the Brundtland Commission. He has written or edited various books on urban issues, including Squatter Citizen (with Jorge E. Hardoy), The Earthscan Reader on Sustainable Cities, Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World (with Jorge E. Hardoy and Diana Mitlin) and Empowering Squatter Citizen; Local Government, Civil Society and Urban Poverty Reduction (with Diana Mitlin), which are published by Earthscan, London.

Amos Sawyer is Associate Director and Research Scholar at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, a policy research center, at Indiana University. He holds a Ph.D. in political science from Northwestern University in the United States and has served in several teaching and research capacities, including as dean of the college of social sciences at the University of Liberia. He has written extensively on conflict resolution and governance challenges in Africa and has been active in conflict resolution and democratization initiatives in many African countries. His current research investigates the possibilities for local self-governance in Africa's democratization processes. He coordinates the Consortium for Self-Governance in Africa (CSGA), a network of research, teaching and research-action centers dedicated to the study of Africa's governance challenges and promotion of self-governing institutional arrangements in Africa. Sawyer also served as chairman of Liberia's constitution drafting commission in early 1980s and led the first interim government of Liberia during the outbreak of violence conflict in early 1990s. He also chairs the board of directors of the Center for Democratic Empowerment which he founded in 1994.

Elliott Sclar is Professor of Urban Planning and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He holds senior appointments in the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation and the School of International and Public Affairs. He is director of graduate programs in Urban Planning. Professor Sclar is the Co-Coordinator of Taskforce 8 - The Slum Dwellers Taskforce of the United Nations' Millennium Project. The Slum Dwellers Task Force is directly responsible for the range of environmental, economic and social problems associated with the accelerating pace of global urbanization. Professor Sclar writes about the strengths and limitations of markets as mechanisms for effective public policy implementation. Sclar's latest book "You Don't Always Get What You Pay For: The Economics of Privatization," has won the Louis Brownlow Award for the Best Book of 2000 from the National Academy of Public Administration and the 2001 Charles Levine Prize from the International Political Science Association for a major contribution to the public policy literature.

Harris Selod received his PhD and Master's Degree in Economics (from the University of Paris-Sorbonne), in addition to a Master's Degree in Statistics from ENSAE and a Master's Degree in Business Studies from ESCP-EAP, in Paris, France. Recipient of the 2002 special mention of the Association d'Economie Sociale, Dr. Selod was a 2001-2002 Postdoctoral Fellow from the European Commission at the Center for Operations Research and Econometrics, Belgium. He is now a researcher at INRA-LEA (PARIS-Jourdan) and CREST in Paris, and the author of publications in urban and development economics, which include Social Interactions, Ethnic Minorities, and Urban Unemployment (2001), Location and Education in South African Cities under and after Apartheid (2001), Le chomage dans l'agglomeration bruxelloise : une explication par la structure urbaine (2002), Private versus Public Schools in post-Apartheid South African Cities: Theory and Policy Implications (2003); Les determinants spatiaux du chomage en Ile-de-France (in press), and La mixite sociale et economique (forthcoming).

Mona Serageldin is Adjunct Professor of Urban Planning at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design where she has been a member of the faculty since 1985. She is also the Associate Director of the Center for Urban Development Studies. She has over 30 years of professional and academic experience and has worked in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean on projects sponsored by the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, UNDP, UNCHS/HABITAT, USAID, and various foundations and governments. Dr. Serageldin has worked on: decentralization; participatory processes in urban planning and management; land tenure; infrastructure services; microcredit for housing and infrastructure; community based development; and revitalization of the historic urban fabric. Her more recent work focuses on issues of local development and emphasizes strategic planning, social inclusion, policy evaluation, program performance assessment, financing capital improvements and building the capacity of local stakeholders. She leads the Center's involvement in UNCHS/Habitat Best Practices and Local Leadership Programs, the Microcredit Summit, and the Cultural Heritage and Development Networks and its participation in the coalition for sustainable urbanization.

Vitor Serra is an urban planner and economist. He has worked with the World Bank since 1992, where he has led or participated in the preparation of projects in a number of Latin American countries, in particular, in Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Venezuela and Brazil. These projects covered activities in the areas of municipal services and finance; housing policy and finance; urban services for the poor; and land use planning and policy. Outside of Latin America, he has participated in teams providing technical assistance on urban issues to Sri-Lanka, Vietnam, Afghanistan, South Africa and Mali. He is currently collaborating in several studies, looking into the dynamics of land markets and slum formation and growth, financed by the Cities Alliance Program in Mexico, Brazil and El Salvador. Before joining the Bank, in Brazil, he held a number of executive positions with federal, state and municipal agencies. He received a C.Ph. D., a Master's degree in City and Regional Planning and a Master's in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.

Nemat T. Shafik,an Egyptian and US national, was appointed Vice President - Infrastructure in May 2003. This Vice Presidency is responsible for the Bank's Energy, Water, Transport and Urban sectors, as well as Project Finance and Guarantees, and manages, jointly with the International Finance Corporation, the global product groups for Information and Technology and for Oil, Gas, Chemicals and Mining. Ms. Shafik also serves as a non-executive director on the Management Board of the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DfID). She also chairs several international consultative groups that support microfinance (CGAP), energy (ESMAP), water and sanitation for the poor (WSP), urban development and slum upgrading (Cities Alliance), information technologies for development (Infodev) and private participation in infrastructure (PPIAF). Prior to her current assignment, she served as Vice President, Private Sector Development, Infrastructure and Guarantees and was part of the senior management group of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Ms. Shafik received her B.A. in Economics and Politics from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst and her M.Sc. in Economics from the London School of Economics. She also holds a Ph.D. in Economics from St. Antony's College, Oxford University.

Zmarak Shalizi is currently Senior Manager for Infrastructure and Environment Research in the Development Research Group in the Development Economics Vice Presidency. Last year he was Director and Lead Author of the World Development Report 2003, which was presented in the World Summit of Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. He joined the World Bank in 1975 through the Young Professionals Program and has served as: Country Economist in the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa region; Project and Sector Economist in the Urban Projects Department; Fiscal Economist in the Public Economics Division of the Operational Policy Staff; and Lead Economist/ Chief Administrative Officer in the Office of the Senior Vice President for Policy, Review, and Research. Since 1990 Mr. Shalizi has held a number of management positions, including as Chief of the Transport Division in the Infrastructure/Urban Development Department, and Chief of the Agriculture, Environment, and Infrastructure Division in the Policy Research Department. Prior to joining the Bank, Mr. Shalizi taught courses on economics and on regional and urban planning techniques in the Department of Urban Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and has worked as a consultant in a number of consultancy firms, plus in local city and county planning offices in the U.S.

Kalanidhi Subbarao joined the World Bank Group in December 1988. He was until recently a Lead Economist in the Africa Region, responsible for social protection, poverty and vulnerability. He is currently a consultant for the Africa Region of the Bank. Prior to joining the Bank, Dr. Subbarao taught/researched at the Delhi School of Economics, the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, and at the University of California at Berkeley. At the Bank, Mr. Subbarao has played a major role in both analytical and policy work on poverty, particularly in the domain of safety nets and social protection. He has published extensively on the subject, and is the lead author of a publication "Safety Net Programs and Poverty Programs: Lessons from Cross-Country Experience." He has assisted governments design and/or reform their anti-poverty and safety net interventions in many countries in Asia and Africa, and more recently in East Asia in the wake of financial crises. His current research interests include ageing and poverty in Africa, risk and vulnerability assessments in African countries, and Africa's orphans and vulnerable children and public action.

Patrick Wakely is Professor of Urban Development in the University of London and Director of the Development Planning Unit, University College London. An architect by training, he has 40 years of experience of research and consultancy in building, housing, planning and urban management on which he has worked in over 20 countries. He has held full-time academic appointments in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the United Kingdom. His recent research has been on urban governance, with particular emphasis on constraints to communication between low-income urban communities and local government agencies in participatory processes and the development of partnerships for the extension, delivery and maintenance of urban services. He co-authored the European Commission Urban Development Policy for Development Co-operation (1999), led the drafting group for the UK DFID strategy paper Meeting the Challenge of Poverty in Urban Areas (2001) and co-ordinated the studies for the UN Global Report on Human Settlements 2003 The Challenge of Slums.

François Yatta earned a Phd degree in Urban and Regional Economics from the University of Paris XII - Val de Marne (France) in 1998. As a researcher at the Research Laboratory "The Observatory of Economy and Local Institutions, ŒIL (Observatoire de l'Économie et des Institutions Locales, Paris, France)" he participated in several publications and studies. The most important studies undertaken by Dr. Yatta were on the comparison of production of major world cities, the elaboration of a local development model in France, and the reform of the European Union Regional Policy. Dr. Yatta has also worked as a consultant for the European Commission and the OECD's Sahel and West Africa Club. Since 1998, Dr. Yatta is the Regional Advisor at the Municipal Development Partnership for West and Central Africa (né the Municipal Development Programme), in charge of local finances, local economies and fiscal decentralisation. He is the author of several scientific publications on local finances, fiscal decentralisation and urban economics. Dr. Yatta is member of the International Institute of Public Finance (IIPF) and the Association of Francophone Urban and Regional Science (ASRDLF).

Ayse Yonder is a professor and Chair of the Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment at Pratt Institute, School of Architecture in Brooklyn, New York. She is also a member of the Huairou Commission, an international partnership network of grassroots women's development organizations, and the Foundation for the Support of Women's Work (KEDV) in Turkey. Her research and publications focus on informal land and housing markets, community development, and local governance. She started working on post-disaster planning issues after the 1999 Marmara earthquake in Turkey. She holds an architecture degree from Istanbul Technical University, MCP from University of Pennsylvania, and Ph.D. in city and regional planning from University of California, Berkeley.

Zhou Yu teaches in the School of Policy, Planning, and Development at the University of Southern California, where he is completing his PhD degree in planning. He is interested in housing economics, particularly among immigrants and in the urban context. His research pertains to residential mobility, housing tenure choice, and urban form. His research has been supported by institutions such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies, the Urban China Research Network, and Lambda Alpha International's Land Economics Foundation. His recent publications have appeared in Urban Studies and Planning Forum. He received his Master of Urban and Regional Planning Degree from Virginia Tech and his B.E. in Architecture from Beijing Jiaotong University.

Cecilia Zanetta is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Tennessee. She has a degree in architecture from the National University of Buenos Aires and a Master's and Ph.D. from the Ohio State University, where she attended as a Fulbright grantee. Her main areas of interest include planning in developing countries, with a focus on urban and housing policies, and public sector reform among sub-national governments. During the past ten years, Dr. Zanetta has worked as a consultant to the World Bank and other international financial institutions in several countries in Latin and Central America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras and Peru. She has recently completed a book, The influence of the World Bank on national housing and urban policies: A comparison of Mexico and Argentina during the 1980s and 1990s, which brings together her academic research and her experience on the field.

Yves Zenou is Professor of Economics at the University of Southampton, UK, and Research Fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, and at the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn. He has widely published in top economic journals such as the Journal of Development Economics, Journal of Economic Theory, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Public Economics, Journal of Urban Economics and International Economic Review. His research interests include crime and poverty, urban agglomeration, social networks and urban unemployment.

Shengman Zhang, a Chinese national, was appointed Managing Director of the World Bank Group in 1997. Mr. Zhang oversees all the six Operational regions of the Bank and the Operations Policy and Country Strategy Vice Presidency. He also oversees the Bank's four key Sector/Thematic Networks, including Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Human Development, Infrastructure, and Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development. In addition, Mr. Zhang oversees the Information Solutions Group and Network, the Human Resources Vice Presidency, the Corporate Secretariat, the Development Committee, the Quality Assurance Group, and the General Services Department. He chairs the Bank's Operations Policy Committee, the Operations Committee, the Sanctions Committee and the Corporate Committee on Fraud and Corruption Policy. Mr. Zhang is also Chairman of the Bank Group's Crisis Management Committee. Prior to assuming his current position, Mr. Zhang was Vice President and Secretary of the World Bank from 1995 to 1997; and Executive Director for China from 1994 to 1995. Earlier, Mr. Zhang held a number of senior positions at the Ministry of Finance in China.