ประเทศไทย

Thailand has received international recognition for its successful interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV among sex workers and is looked upon as a role mo... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + del for HIV education and awareness campaigns that include the extensive promotion and wide acceptance of condoms as an HIV prevention strategy. Thailand has the most progressive and comprehensive antiretroviral program in the region with a reported coverage of over 80 percent of eligible individuals. Thailand should build on this remarkable track record in HIV/AIDS prevention and respond responsibly to address the HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs). Adopting a comprehensive harm reduction approach to deal with IDUs could have a major impact on reducing HIV transmission as well as engaging drug users into better healthcare and effective drug treatment. This will require strong leadership in key government ministries and related agencies. Given the current challenges in introducing comprehensive harm reduction interventions nationwide, Thailand should consider establishing a demonstration site covering a selected area with high prevalence of IDUs, with a state-of-the-art harm reduction center of excellence providing comprehensive harm reduction interventions. This will be an important first step to help reduce HIV transmission among IDUs as well as to develop standardized harm reduction program and training for healthcare professionals and community workers. แสดงโดยย่อ -

Addressing regional disparities in access to public services is an emerging development challenge for Thailand. A well-functioning system of Central-Local Governmen... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + t Relations and proactive expenditure policy can help achieve this goal. Providing responsive and accountable public services are necessary for maintaining trust of the citizens in government and fostering cohesion within a unitary state like Thailand. Without a reversal of current regional disparities in access to public services and addressing tensions that are present in the central-local architecture, Thailand runs the risk of eroding public trust in government and leading to further polarization. Thailand has a significant opportunity to improve delivery of public services by: (i) making access to public services more uniform across the country; (ii) transitioning fully to a unitary decentralized form of government with clearly demarcated roles and accountability structures between different levels of government (especially within health and education sectors) and to administratively consolidate Laos into larger more financially viable entities; and (iii) establishing national service delivery standards, publishing annual performance reports on these benchmarks along with unit costs of standard goods and supplies procured, and publishing reports on operations at the municipal level. แสดงโดยย่อ -

The pace of economic activity is gradually returning to pre-crisis levels. After a roller-coaster of sharp drops, vigorous rebounds and mild contractions, Gross Dom... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + estic Product (GDP) was up 4.8 percent in the last quarter of 2010 on a seasonally-adjusted annualized (SAAR) basis, closer to pre-crisis, normal levels. For 2010 as a whole, GDP expanded by 7.8 percent from 2009. Growth was broad-based, with significant contributions from external and domestic demands. Thailand's economy is one of the most energy intensive in the region because of the large (and growing) share of energy-intensive manufacturing in the economy and high proportion of cargo transported by trucks. Thailand can reduce its vulnerability to oil price shocks by raising fuel standards, improving tax incentives for conservation and relying more on rail for cargo transport. แสดงโดยย่อ -

The Thai economy runs on a single engine: external demand. The economic roller coaster since the onset of the global financial crisis can be overwhelmingly attribut... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + ed to fluctuations in the output of three sectors most sensitive to external demand: manufacturing, logistics (transportation and storage), and tourism (hotels and restaurants). As global trade contracted between the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, Thailand's real gross domestic product (GDP) fell 6.3 percent, before rebounding 6.9 percent through the end of 2009 on a revival in actual and expected external demand. At the end of 2009, real GDP was back to pre-crisis levels, as measured in seasonally adjusted terms. For 2009 as a whole, however, real GDP fell 2.2 percent. The dominance of sectors linked to external demand over Thailand's growth dynamics is not new. Both sets of sectors grew at about the same pace prior to the 1997 financial crisis. However, a structural break took place in the aftermath of the crisis, when sectors linked to external demand grew an average of 6.1 percent between 2001 and 2007 compared to a 4.3 percent growth rate of other sectors. While the sectors linked to external demand are expected to grow below the historical average in the near term due to lower growth in demand from advanced economies, a reversal of the structural change observed since 1998 is unlikely. This will require an acceleration of the growth of the sectors linked to domestic demand. But the constraints that limited the growth of these sectors in the past not only remain but have been compounded in the near term by the escalation of the political conflict. This will ensure that growth rates in sectors linked to domestic demand will also remain below their (already low) historical averages and the dominance of external demand on the economy will continue to increase. แสดงโดยย่อ -

The Government of Thailand has been undertaking wide ranging public financial management reforms since 1999 across the six core dimensions of Public Financial Manag... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + ement (PFM) performance identified in the performance measurement framework. Key reforms include: (i) the deployment of an integrated Government Fiscal Management Information System (GFMIS) for budget execution and reporting; (ii) implementation of Strategic Performance Based Budgeting (SPBB) framework; (iii) implementing the International Public Sector Accounting Standards for reporting; (iv) conducting financial, procurement, performance, and risk based audits; and (v) putting in place a system of key performance indicators (KPIs) to foster greater service delivery responsiveness by government agencies. This Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) report aims to assess the status of the PFM system in Thailand across the six core dimensions of PFM performance using the standard PEFA methodology of 28 high level indicators, excluding the donor practices indicators. แสดงโดยย่อ -

This paper includes the following articles: Thai economy falls more than expected; chance of a bottoming out in China provides ray of hope on an otherwise gloomy ho... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + rizon, says World Bank's review of East Asian and Pacific economies; and what's on. แสดงโดยย่อ -

This paper includes the following articles: global slump and political uncertainty to continue to weigh on the Thai economy in 2009; East Asia won't be spared impac... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + ts of global economic storm, says World Bank report; and recent events. แสดงโดยย่อ -

This paper includes the following articles: at last, a practical guide to climate-proof our cities; and poor Chon Buri village benefits from first World Bank (WB)-s... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + upported Carbon-Finance Project in Thailand. แสดงโดยย่อ -

This paper includes the following articles: World Bank says Thai economy to grow 5 percent in 2008, but warns that significant risks remain; rising food prices: pol... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + icy options and World Bank response; and Thai companies receive Montreal protocol awards for ozone protection. แสดงโดยย่อ -

This report includes the article Higher Education Reform, the key to countries competitiveness. Countries need to educate more of their young people to a higher sta... แสดงเพิ่มเติม + ndard - a degree is necessary for many skilled jobs. This report concludes in today's world economy, workers need not just a college degree subject. They also need to be resourceful, skillful and able to quickly identify and solve problems. These strengths can be only cultivated in quality universities at the center of first - class higher education. แสดงโดยย่อ -