Indonesia

Indonesia's economy continued to grow at a steady pace in the final quarter of 2012, taking full-year GDP growth to 6.2 percent. This was only a modest reduction fr... Tampilkan lainnya + om the 6.5 percent growth recorded in 2011, a resilient performance considering the weak global environment and unsettled financial market conditions which prevailed for much of the year. Looking ahead, Indonesia should be able to maintain a solid pace of growth, but there is no room for complacency, as a number of pressures are mounting which could move the economy off this trajectory. Global economic uncertainties remain elevated, Indonesia’s investment growth has moderated and, as highlighted in the December 2012 IEQ, the quality of domestic policies is increasingly in focus, particularly in the run-up to the 2014 elections. Even if growth of 6.0 to 6.5 percent is maintained, there is a risk that, without more progress on policy reform and implementation, the opportunity could be missed to boost growth at a time when the economy is benefiting from a growing labor force and the agglomeration effects of urbanization. Future appointments to key economic policy roles, following the nomination of the Minister of Finance as the next Governor of Bank Indonesia (BI), will also frame the macroeconomic policy environment going forward. The final quarter of 2012 remained challenging for many of Indonesia’s major trading partners; growth in the US and Japan was flat and the Euro Area recession deepened, though growth in China firmed. Moving into 2013, global growth remains subdued but international economic conditions have turned somewhat more supportive for growth in Indonesia. Global industrial production is increasing at a modest pace, and global trade is expanding again, with broad-based increases for developing countries’ exports. Commodity prices have also generally posted modest gains since December, including those of some of Indonesia’s key export products like copper, rubber and palm oil. The improved global economic data, and diminishing fears over the risks of extreme adverse scenarios in the Euro area, US and China, coupled with accommodative monetary policy in most high income economies, have been broadly supportive of financial markets. Global equity markets rallied in the final two months of 2012 and have generally held these gains, with some developed country equity indices at or near record highs in nominal terms. Emerging market sovereign credit spreads have widened so far in 2013 but still remain close to their tightest levels since the global financial crisis. Tampilkan kurang -

Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country, with more than 238 million people living in an archipelago comprising over 17,000 islands. Over the past deca... Tampilkan lainnya + de the Indonesian economy has experienced positive economic growth, reduced poverty, and made continued progress towards many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For example, Indonesia has already met and surpassed projected reductions in the number of underweight children under five years old to below 18 percent and is on track to meeting its targets for reducing overall child mortality and the targets for achieving universal basic education. While clear progress has been made on reducing poverty rates, inequality has persisted, with the result that many children and families have not shared in these gains. Over 30 million Indonesians live below the poverty line (US $2 per day) and half of all households are clustered around the poverty line. Of the poor, 65 percent currently live in rural areas. For these families, national economic improvements have brought only modest gains in health and education, putting children's development at risk and threatening national progress. A notable achievement for Indonesia is that primary school enrollment is now near 100 percent for boys and girls of all income levels. However, as children move through the primary years, the enrollment disparities seen in Early Childhood Education and Development, or ECED services re-emerge. Educational attainment profiles reveal that while almost all children from all segments of society start primary school, children from poorer households and children from rural areas have more difficulties progressing from lower levels of education to higher levels. Only 55 percent of rural children make it to junior secondary school, and less than a quarter enroll in senior secondary. In contrast, 80 percent of urban children make it to junior secondary school and almost two-thirds enroll in senior secondary. Tampilkan kurang -

This policy brief underline progress and outstanding issues on Violence Against Women (VAW), including the ratification of Convention on the Elimination of All Form... Tampilkan lainnya + s of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1993 and issuance of anti domestic violence law and other measures. Slow and inadequate implementation requires more efforts for law enforcement, capacity building of service provides and wider community on VAW, and extend services to urban and rural areas. The increased trend of human trafficking for forced labor and prostitution demand a more integrated efforts for prevention, protection, prosecution and reintegration. Tampilkan kurang -

Poverty, vulnerability, and social protection illustrate key gender equity issues in addressing vulnerability and social protection of the poor. Poverty reduction h... Tampilkan lainnya + as been the highest development priority of the current government. The national poverty rate fell from 16.7 percent in 2004 to 13.3 percent in 2010. Poverty rates of Female-Headed Households (FHH) remain lower than Male-Headed Households (MHH). Over 2004-09, while there is a slightly higher percentage of poor MHH than FHH, the overall rate of poverty reduction is slower for FHH than for MHH and the poverty rate for urban FHH is increasing. This is despite the significantly higher percentage of FHH than MHH benefit from all Social Protection (SP) programs. Improved targeting techniques will reduce exclusion and inclusion errors and ensure that more poor households receive social protection. The challenge will be to ensure that the new targeting mechanisms include the poverty indicators which reflect characteristics of poor and vulnerable FHHs and that there is an intra household equal access to program benefits. Tampilkan kurang -

PT Jamsostek will be transformed into a social security administrative body called BPJS Ketenagakerjaan on January 1, 2014 and will begin its operations administeri... Tampilkan lainnya + ng the national social security system (SJSN) employment programs- SJSN work accident, old age, pension and death programs, no later than July 1, 2015. In order to transform PT Jamsostek into BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, PT Jamsostek will be declared dissolved without liquidation and all assets and liabilities will be split between those that are the property of the government and those that are the property of participants. The assets belonging to participants will likely be transferred to the appropriate social security fund. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan will manage its own assets and the assets of its Social Security Funds. This policy note focuses on the key issues that should be considered in terms of asset-liability management of SJSN social security fund. The key issues are (i) sources and utilizations of BPJS assets; (ii) sources and utilizations of Social Security Fund assets; (iii) BPJS expenditures and liabilities; (iv) Social Security Fund expenditures and liabilities; (v) asset-liability management for BPJS; and (vi) asset-liability management for Social Security Funds. Tampilkan kurang -

A concept first presented just over a decade ago, the Double Burden of Malnutrition, or DBM is the coexistence of under-nutrition and over-nutrition of macronutrien... Tampilkan lainnya + ts and micronutrients across the life course in the same population, community, family and even individual. Of particular concern is the life-course dimension of the DBM, or the link between maternal and fetal under-nutrition and increased susceptibility to over-nutrition and diet related non-communicable diseases (NCD) later in life. The DBM is a global problem that affects rich and poor countries alike: 25 percent of the world's population is over¬weight, while 17 percent of pre-school children are under¬weight and 28.5 percent are stunted, 40 percent of women of repro¬ductive age have anemia, and one-third of the global population still suffers from iodine deficiency. Most low¬er-middle-income countries (LMICs) are considered to be affected by the DBM, with overweight increasing faster than underweight is decreasing in most of them. While obesity has doubled globally in the last three de¬cades, it has tripled in LMICs in just two decades. Tampilkan kurang -

Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country, with more than 238 million people living in an archipelago comprising over 17,000 islands. Over the past deca... Tampilkan lainnya + de the Indonesian economy has experienced positive economic growth, reduced poverty, and made continued progress towards many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For example, Indonesia has already met and surpassed projected reductions in the number of underweight children under five years old to below 18 percent and is on track to meeting its targets for reducing overall child mortality and the targets for achieving universal basic education. While clear progress has been made on reducing poverty rates, inequality has persisted, with the result that many children and families have not shared in these gains. Over 30 million Indonesians live below the poverty line (US $2 per day) and half of all households are clustered around the poverty line. Of the poor, 65 percent currently live in rural areas. For these families, national economic improvements have brought only modest gains in health and education, putting children's development at risk and threatening national progress. A notable achievement for Indonesia is that primary school enrollment is now near 100 percent for boys and girls of all income levels. However, as children move through the primary years, the enrollment disparities seen in Early Childhood Education and Development, or ECED services re-emerge. Educational attainment profiles reveal that while almost all children from all segments of society start primary school, children from poorer households and children from rural areas have more difficulties progressing from lower levels of education to higher levels. Only 55 percent of rural children make it to junior secondary school, and less than a quarter enroll in senior secondary. In contrast, 80 percent of urban children make it to junior secondary school and almost two-thirds enroll in senior secondary. Tampilkan kurang -

This book is based on the Directorate General of Human Settlements (Ministry of Public Works) experience in assisting 10 Urban Local Governments (ULGs) in Indonesia... Tampilkan lainnya + that participated in USDRP. USDRP implement a number of steps in developing a Local Economic Development (LED). LED Program aims to help the Local Governments to: 1) institutional set-up to begin LED implementation. 2) determine the focus of economic clusters that will become a motor for the development of the regional economy. 3) formulate and develop approaches, agendas and action plans for LED program. Tampilkan kurang -

The 2005 teacher law aimed to improve the quality of the Indonesian education system by addressing the weaknesses in teacher competencies, their low motivation and ... Tampilkan lainnya + poor levels of pay. A central component of the law was the teacher certification program. The Government of Indonesia and the World Bank are in the process of evaluating the impact of the teacher certification program. This brief provides initial results of this evaluation exercise by analyzing the direct effects that certification may have by changing the motivation and behavior of teachers who become certified and receive the professional allowance. The findings show that certification has led to some positive changes in teacher behavior but these changes have not translated into improved student learning. This program was designed to certify teachers who demonstrated minimum levels of teaching competency. Strong incentives were also introduced which entitled certified teachers to a professional allowance equivalent to their basic pay. Indonesia's certification program has raised the income levels of teachers and made the teaching profession significantly more attractive. However, differences between the design and implementation of the program have limited the impact of certification on the much needed improvements in teacher quality. The policy brief shows that the academic criteria used to certify teachers have not guaranteed minimum teacher competency levels. Many teachers with university bachelor's degrees have difficulties with the competency tests that were administered for this study. This is particularly worrying given that the tests were designed to measure competencies in terms of subject knowledge considered necessary for effective teaching. Tampilkan kurang -

Contribution collection is one of the key implementation challenges for the success of the national social security system. Without effective collection, the system... Tampilkan lainnya + will not be equitable and fiscally sustainable. The national social security law and the law on social security administrators require mandatory collection of contributions from employers and workers in both the formal and informal sectors. The government is collecting contributions for formal sector workers today, but compliance is poor and the system needs improvement. No collection mechanism exists for informal sector. Collecting from millions of informal sector workers individually would be a formidable task. Instead, collection on a group basis is needed for efficiency and to avoid anti-selection. Informal sector collection methods will likely need to vary by location, occupation, income and other factors. This policy note focuses on the key contribution collection issues for the SJSN programs: (i) legal basis for contribution collection; (ii) formal and informal sector contribution collection challenges; and (iii) the need for new business processes and unique identification numbers to assure efficient and effective collection. Tampilkan kurang -