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Assessing World Bank Support for Trade 1987-2004:
An IEG Evaluation
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| Figure ES.1: Opening Economies |
| Figure ES.1: Average import tariffs have fallen steadily over the period, although the fall in other forms of protection has been more gradual. The World Bank has both influenced and been influenced by these developments. (See Page XIII) |
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| Figure 1.1: Declining Import Tariffs, But Some Regions Still Significantly Protected |
Figure 1.1: Export growth has
outpaced growth in gross domestic product
(GDP) over the past three decades, and
average tariffs have fallen steadily globally. The Bank has both influenced and
been influenced by these developments. (See Page 4) |
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| Figure 3.1: Trade-Related Bank Lending Has Varied But Trended Downward Overall |
| Figure 3.1: Since reaching just
over $3 billion annually
in 1993, Bank lending for
trade has varied, but
continues a long-term
pattern of decline (figure 3.1). Several concurrent
events may be linked to this trend. (See Page 16) |
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| Figure 3.2: The Thematic Focus of Bank Lending for Trade: Trade Liberalization and Direct Lending
to Exporters Gave Way to Trade Facilitation |
| Figure 3.2: While Bank assistance in the early
1980s focused on direct lending to development
banks through lines of credit for trade finance,
by the beginning of 1987 lending was concentrated
on trade liberalization and more direct
trade promotion activities, such as supporting
trade-related institutions and exporters. (See Page 13) |
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| Figure 3.5: Number of Lending Conditions Declined over 1987-2004 |
| Figure 3.5: Reflecting the progress with meeting trade
conditions, the average number per loan and the
percentage of loans with trade conditions have fallen significantly since
1987. This
pattern of decline is
generally consistent across
Regions and also across
International Development
Association (IDA) and International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
countries, except in the Middle East and North
Africa Region, where the average of 10 trade-related
conditions per loan remains the same as in
the 1980s. (See Page 24) |
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| Figure 4.1: Stated Objectives of Trade-Related Projects, 1987-2004 (frequency cited) |
Note: Only loans approved between 1987 and 2004 in which more than half the components focused on trade were considered. Adjustment loans = 42; Investment Loans = 173. Because loans frequently have more than one objective, the frequency with which objectives appear exceeds number of loans.
| Figure 4.1: Improving incentives for
tradables and achieving macroeconomic
stabilization and economic growth were almost
equally important objectives for adjustment
loans with trade components. Promoting and
diversifying exports was the most important
objective of investment loans and the third
most important for adjustment loans. (See Page 32) |
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The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is an independent unit within the World
Bank; it reports directly to the Bank's Board of Executive
Directors. The goals of IEG 's evaluations are to draw lessons
from Bank experience, and to provide an objective basis for
assessing the results of the Bank's work.
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