World Bank Publications

Policy Research Working Papers

Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman, Trade Reorientation and Productivity Growth in Bulgarian Enterprises, 1707, January 1997, 23 p.

To order: Jennifer Ngaine, Room N5-056, tel. 202-473-7947, fax 202-522-1159, Email: jngaine@worldbank.org

William Fox and Christine Wallich, Fiscal Federalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Dayton Challenge, 1714, January 1997, 26 p.

To order: Yasmin Jiwa, Room H11-075, tel. 202-473-4848, fax 202-477-1034, Email: yjiwa@worldbank.org

Harry G. Broadman and Xiaolun Sun, The Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in China, 1720, February 1997, 20 p.

The geographical distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) within China is determined mostly by GNP, infrastructure development, level of general education, and coastal location. In the past, FDI has been biased toward speculative investment, especially the real estate sector; recently this bias has become less pronounced. Between 1978 and 1995, China received $128 billion in FDI. Recent FDI inflows account for 40 percent of combined flows of FDI to all developing countries, making China the biggest developing-country FDI recipient.

To order: Joan Grigsby, Room MC8-238, tel. 202-458-2423, fax 202-522-1556, Email: jgrigsby@worldbank.org

Luca Barbone and Juan Zalduendo, EU Accession of Central and Eastern Europe: Bridging the Income Gap, 1721, February 1997, 42 p.

The authors conclude that the CEE countries at present are not on a path toward reach the income level of the European Union:

• Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia would converge to the 75 percent threshold in between forty and ninety years if they maintained their current growth determinants. Poland would never converge in these circumstances and the Czech Republic would converge in about fifteen years.

• Using the growth determinant values of the EU country average, none of the CEE countries would converge to the set threshold. Their high investment level—relative to the EU country average—would enable them to compensate for other shortcomings.

• Assuming an investment level of 25 to 30 percent of GDP would significantly reduce the years required for convergence—for the Czech Republic: 10 to 11 years; Poland: 20 to 22 years; the others: 10 to 20 years. The CEE countries should provide an environment that promotes investment and education.

To order: Luca Barbone, Room H11-079, tel. 202-473-2556, fax 202-477-1034, Email: lbarbone@worldbank.org

Lixin Colin Xu, The Productivity Effects of Decentralized Reforms: An Analysis of the Chinese Industrial Reforms, 1723, February 1997, 32 p.

To order: Paulina Sintim-Aboagye, Room N9-030, tel. 202-473-8526, fax 202-522-1155, Email: psintimaboagye @worldbank.org

Michelle Riboud and Hoaquan Chu, Pension Reform, Growth, and the Labor Market in Ukraine, 1731, February 1997, 46 p.

Ukraine’s pension system requires radical reforms to restore credibility to the system and remove distorted incentives that make it unsustainable. Raising the retirement age to 65 and introducing a funded pillar have to be considered.

To order: Rosario Hablero, Room H5-163, tel. 202-473-3971, fax 202-477-3378, Email: rhablero@worldbank.org

Ian Alexander and Colin Mayer, Creating Incentives for Private Infrastructure Companies to Become More Efficient, 1736, March 1997, 37 p.

The threat of bankruptcy, internal controls imposed by shareholders, and external disciplines, such as the threat of hostile takeover, can maximize the pressure on privatized infrastructure companies to be more efficient.

To order: Randee Schneiderman, Room G4-040, tel. 202-473-0191, fax 202-522-3481, Email: rschneiderman@worldbank.org

Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, and Gerhard Pohl, Ownership and Corporate Governance: Evidence from the Czech Republic, 1737, March 1997, 20 p.

For a cross-section of 706 firms for the period 1992–95, the authors find that the mass-privatization scheme improved the management of privatized enterprises by concentrating ownership. Banks with an (indirect) equity stake in a privatized firm have a positive influence on the firm’s corporate governance.

To order: Faten Hatab, Room H8-087, tel. 202-473-5835, fax 202-477-8772, Email: fhatab@worldbank.org

Harry Huizinga and Sřren Bo Nielsen, Privatization, Public Investment, and Capital Income Taxation, 1741, March 1997, 19 p.

The authors investigate the optimal boundary between public and private production.

To order: Paulina Sintim-Aboagye, Room N9-030, tel. 202-473-8526, fax 202-522-1155, Email: psintimaboagye @worldbank.org

Lixin Colin Xu, How China’s Government and State Enterprises Partitioned Property and Control Rights, 1743, March 1997, 30 p.

The government is risk-neutral and the enterprise manager is risk-averse; the government’s goal is to increase revenue (or profitability), to retain maximum control of the firms, and to reduce the inequality of income across firms, by bailing out firms in financial trouble and collecting heavier taxes from high-performing firms. Efficient firms therefore pretend to be inefficient by slacking, so they can get more transfers. The enterprise manager and employees, on the other hand, have an informational advantage over the government that allows them to earn a rent; that advantage leads to suboptimal efforts.

To order: Paulina Sintim-Aboagye, Room N9-030, tel. 202-473-8526, fax 202-522-1155, Email: psintimaboagye@worldbank.org

Magnus Blomström and Ari Kokko, How Foreign Investment Affects Host Countries, 1745, March 1997, 44 p.

Foreign direct investment can promote economic development by helping to improve productivity growth and exports in the host countries. But multinationals’ entry into developing countries may replace local production and force local firms out of business, rather than force them to become more efficient.

To order: Jennifer Ngaine, Room N5-060, tel. 202-473-7947, fax 202-522-1159, Email: trade@worldbank.org

Discussion Papers

Ulrich E. Koester and Karen M. Brooks, Agriculture and German Reunification, 355, March 1997, 52 p.

Eastern German (former GDR) agriculture is competitive, and has ample capacity to rapidly adjust to policy changes. The paper examines in detail particular factors such as land reform and farm restructuring.

Anjali Kumar, China’s Non-Bank Financial Institutions: Trust and Investment Companies, 358, March 1997, 106 p.

China’s Trust and Investment Companies (TICs) are the most numerous nonbanking financial institutions to emerge in China. The paper describes their role in the financial sector, together with their balance sheets, assets, deposits and loans, and financial statements.

Technical Papers

Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken, Participation in Practice: The Experience of the World Bank and Other Stakeholders, 333, 1996, 112 p.

A Survey of Health Reform in Central Asia, 344, 1996, 65 p.

Labor Markets in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe, 1989-1995, 352, 1996, 62 p.

Other World Bank Publications

Global Development Finance 1997 (earlier, World Debt Tables), volumes 1 and 2, March 1997; 219 p. and 615 p., respectively.

Bond, equity, and direct investment in the developing countries continued to rise for the sixth consecutive year in 1996. Private capital now accounts for more than 80 percent of net long-term flows to developing countries, totaling $285 billion last year. Nearly 75 percent of foreign private investment last year went to 12 core countries. But that share is down from 84 percent of total investment in 1990. China again is the leading destination of net private investment among emerging-market countries at an estimated $52 billion, up from $44.3 billion a year earlier. (China is followed by Mexico in this "top 12 league"; Russia is ninth with $2.5 billion, and Hungary is twelfth with $1.2 billion.) On a regional basis, Europe and Central Asia, with $31.2 billion in FDI, was the third-largest destination for private capital after East Asia and the Pacific ($108.7 billion), and Latin America and the Caribbean ($74.3 billion). "Long-term development aid is a catalyst for, and complement to, private foreign investment. Private investment is not a substitute for official assistance targeted at programs which promote better health, education, and environment,’’ the report said.

World Development Indicators 1997, March 1997, 400 p.

Earlier published as the statistical appendix to the World Development Report, now enlarged to include more than 80 data tables and 600 indicators for single-year observations of about 150 countries. Supplemented with a WindowsTM-based CD-ROM that contains time-series data (mostly 1970-95). Other sets of tables include Country-at-a-Glance tables, Social Indicators, and Key Economic Indicators (previously found in World Tables), as well as those from the Atlas.

The World Bank Atlas 1997, 29th edition, April 1997, 48 p.

Color maps, charts, and graphs representing the main social, economic, and environmental indicators for 209 countries and territories. Social data are provided on life expectancy, population growth, infant mortality, female labor, and child malnutrition. Economic data include gross national product (GNP) and the shares of exports, agriculture, and investment in gross domestic product (GDP). Population statistics are provided in absolute terms and as growth rates for 1985-95. Data for the environment are presented on deforestation, water use, energy consumption, and air pollution. A section on states and markets includes data for private investment and capital flows, money supply and government revenues, and power and telecommunications infrastructure. The text appears in English, French, and Spanish.

IDA in Action 1993-1996: The Pursuit of Sustained Poverty Reduction, 1997, 152 p.

Altogether, seventy-nine countries—the world’s poorest and home to 3.3 billion people comprising some 57 percent of the world’s population, and recording average annual income of about $400—are eligible to borrow from the International Development Association (IDA), long term and with zero interest rate. The IDA is replenished by donor countries every three years. (Thirty-two countries fund about 88 percent of IDA activities.)

The total resources made available during the Tenth Replenishment (the period from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1996) amounted to $19 billion. The IDA provides about one-sixth of net official development assistance (ODA). Out of the IDA’s nine new members, six—Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, Georgia, and Tajikistan—are transition economies. The report includes summaries of the IDA’s country assistance strategies for more than fifty borrowing countries.

Nicolas Mathieu, Industrial Restructuring: World Bank Experience, Future Challenges, 1996, 126 p.

The Road to Financial Integration: Private Capital Flows to Developing Economies, World Bank Policy Research Report, 1997, 300 p.

Statistical Handbook 1996: States of the Former USSR, Studies of Economies in Transformation Series, International Economics Department and Data Development Group, no. 21, 1996, 560 p.

Major compilation of macroeconomic data on the economies of the fifteen states of the former Soviet Union. The national statistical offices of each country are the source of the data, which include data (for 1990-95) on population and employment, national accounts, balance of payments and foreign trade, government finance, agriculture, industry and energy, price indexes and wages, and household incomes and expenditures.

Russia: Forest Policy during Transition, March 1997, 296 p.

Kazakstan: Transition of the State, March 1997, 288 p.

Lawrence Bouton and Mariusz Sumlinski, Trends in Private Investment in Developing Countries: Statistics for 1970-95, 1997, 52 p.

Mark Bray, Decentralization of Education: Community Financing, 1996, 60 p.

Laurence Carter, Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Infrastructure, FIAS Occasional Paper 7, 1996, 38 p.

Asif Faiz, Christopher S. Weaver, Michael Walsh, and others, Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions, 1996, 268 p.

Edward Fiske, Decentralization of Education: Politics and Consensus, 1996, 48 p.

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IMF Publications

To order: IMF Publication Services, 700-19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, United States, tel. 202-623-7430, fax 202-623-7201.

Working Papers

Marta de Casstello Branco, Alfred Kammer, and L. Effie Psalida, Financial Sector Reform and Banking Crises in the Baltic Countries, 134, 1996, 51 p.

Sharmini Coorey, Mauro Mecagni, and Erik Offerdal, Disinflation in Transition Economies: The Role of Relative Price Adjustment, 138, 1996, 97 p.

Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Papers

To order: CEPR, 25-28 Old Burlington Street, London W1X 1LB, United Kingdom, tel. 44-171-878-2900, fax 44-171-878-2999, Email: cepr@cepr.org

Stephan Haggard, John McMillan, and Christopher Woodruff, Trust and Search in Vietnam’s Emerging Private Sector, Discussion Paper 1506, November 1996, 36 p.

Willem H. Buiter, Aspects of Fiscal Performance in Some Transition Economies under Fund-supported Programs, Discussion Paper 1535, December 1996.

Klaus M. Schmidt and Monika Schnitzer, Methods of Privatization: Auctions, Bargaining and Give-Aways, Discussion Paper 1541, January 1997.

Klaus M. Schmidt, The Political Economy of Mass Privatization and the Risk of Expropriation, Discussion Paper 1542, January 1997.

The privatization process in Eastern Europe is not irreversible. Future governments may want to expropriate successful private firms by increasing taxation or by renationalizing them in order to subsidize unsuccessful firms. There will be less expropriation the more shares are distributed free to the population. A mass privatization scheme that includes substantial free distribution of shares may induce more investment, higher-than-expected profits, and higher privatization revenues for the government than a policy that relies exclusively on selling shares to the highest bidder.

Willem H. Buiter and Ricardo Lago, A Portfolio Approach to a Cross-Sectoral and Cross-National Investment Strategy in Transition Economies, Discussion Paper 1548, January 1997.

Vivek H. Dehejia, Will Gradualism Work When Shock Therapy Doesn’t? Discussion Paper 1552, January 1997.

David M. G. Newbery and Tamás Révész, The Burden and Disincentive Effects of Hungarian Personal Taxes, 1988-96, Discussion Paper 1570, March 1997.

Lorand Ambrus-Lakatos and Mark E. Schaffer (eds.), Coming to Terms with Accession, EPI Report 2, CEPR/EastWest Studies, November 1996.

Development Discussion Papers

To order: Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard University, One Eliot Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, tel. 617-495-2161, fax 617-495-0527, http://www.hiid.harvard.edu

Daniel Kaufmann and Aleksander Kaliberda, An Unofficial Analysis of Economies in Transition: Empirical Framework and Lessons of Policy, Discussion Paper 558, October 1996, 33 p.

Nirupam Bajpai and Tianlun Jian, Reform Strategies of China and India: Suggestions for Future Actions, Discussion Paper 564, December 1996, 19 p.

Katharina Pistor and Andrew Spicer, Investment Funds in Mass Privatization and Beyond: Evidence from the Czech Republic and Russia, Discussion Paper 565, December 1996, 37 p.

Tianlun Jian, Priority of Privatization in Economic Reforms: China and Taiwan Compared with Russia, Discussion Paper 566, December 1996, 18 p.

University of Kiel Discussion Papers

To order: tel. 49-431-880-7372, Email: pwehrheim@food-econ.uni-kiel.de

O. Melyukhina and Peter Wehrheim, Russian Agricultural and Food Policies in the Transition Period: Federal and Regional Responsibilities in Flux, Discussion Paper 5, September 1996, 42 p.

J. P. Loy and Peter Wehrheim, Spatial Food Market Integration in Russia, Discussion Paper 6, November 1996, 40 p.

Working Papers

To order: Institute of Finance, Information and Publication Sector, Swietokrzyska 12, Warsaw, Poland

Jérome Sgard, The Management of the Hungarian Foreign Debt: The Impact of the No-Write-Off Strategy, 1989-1994, Working Paper 46, 1996, 74 p.

Izabela Bolkowiak, Hanna Kuzinska, Marzena Majewicz, and Cezary Maliszewski, Personal Income Tax in the Light of Opinion Poll, Working Paper 47, 1996, 59 p.

Grzegorz W. Kolodko, Continuity and Change in the Polish Transformation, 1993-2000, Working Paper 48, 1996, 29 p.

Deutsches Institut fer Wirtschafts-forschung Discussion Papers

To order: DIW, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany, tel. 4930-897-708-68, fax 4930-897-708-99.

Christian von Hirschhausen, Industrial Restructuring in Ukraine: From Socialism to a Planned Economy? Discussion Paper 144, November 1996, 31 p.

Christian von Hirschhausen, Deregulation and Enterprization in Central and Eastern European Telecommunication—A Benchmark for the West? Discussion Paper 145, December 1996, 29 p.

A Sustainable Land Use and Allocation Program for the USSURI/WUSULI River Watershed and Adjacent Territories [Northeastern China and the Russian Far East], Ecologically Sustainable Development, Inc., New York, November 1996, 95 p.

To order: Ecologically Sustainable Development, Inc., 2 Church Street, P.O. Box 848, Elizabethtown, New York 12932, United States, tel. 518-873-3200, fax 518-873-2686, Email: esd@igc.apc.org

John Bonin, Kŕlmŕm Mizsei, and Paul Wachtel, Toward Market-Oriented Banking for the Economies in Transition: A Summary of Policy Recommendations, Institute for EastWest Studies, Czech Republic, 1996, 22 p.

To order: IEWS European Studies Center, Rasinovo nabrezi 78-2000, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

Ariel Cohen, Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis, Greenwood Publishing Group, Connecticut, August 1996, 200 p.

To order: GPG, 88 Post Road West, P.O. Box 5007, Westport, Connecticut 06881-5007, United States, tel. 203-226-3571, fax 203-222-1502, http://www.greenwood.com

László Csaba, Hungary’s Trade Policy and Trade Régime: From Neoprotectionism to Liberalism or Vice Versa? Kopint-Datorg Discussion Paper 39, 1996, 37 p.

To order: Kopint-Datorg, Economic Research, Marketing and Computing Co., Ltd., H-1081 Budapest, Csokonai u. 3, Hungary, tel. 361-266-6640, fax 361-266-8858.

A. Geske Dijkstra, Financial Reform and the Efficiency of Intermediation: Banking Performance in Hungary, Working Paper Series 231, Institute of Social Studies, Netherlands, November 1996, 33 p.

To order: Publications Office, Institute of Social Studies, P.O. Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, Netherlands, Email: publication_dept@iss.nl (attn: publications assistant)

The ECE Region in 1996-1997, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Switzerland, January 1997, 10 p.

To order: UN/ECE, CH 1211, Genčve 10, Switzerland, tel. 4122-917-4444, fax 4122-917-0036, http://www.unicc.org/unece

Grzegorz Ekiert, The State Against Society: Political Crises and Their Aftermath in East Central Europe, Princeton University Press, 1996, 435 p.

To order: Bill McIntyre, Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States, tel. 609-258-5165, fax 609-258-1335, Email: bill_m@pupress.princeton.edu

Saul Estrin, Josef Brada, Alan Gelb, and Inderjit Singh (eds.), Restructuring and Privatization in Central Eastern Europe: Case Studies of Firms in Transition, M.E. Sharp, New York, 1995.

Gernot Grabher and David Start (eds.), Restructuring Networks in Post-Socialism, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997, 32 p.

To order: Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2, 6DP, United Kingdom

Inkeri Hirvensalo, Strategic Adaptation of Enterprises to Turbulent Transitionary Markets: Operation Strategies of Finnish Firms in Russia and the Baltic States during 1991-95, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, ETLA, Helsinki, 1996, 244 p.

To order: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Lonnrotinkatu 4, B 00120, Helsinki, Finland

Jozef Konings and Stefan Janssens, How Do Western Companies Respond to the Opening of Central and East European Countries? Survey Evidence from a Small Open Economy—Belgium, Working Paper 60, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996, 24 p.

To order: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 34, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, tel. 32-16-326-598, fax 32-16-326-599.

John R. Lampe, Susan L. Woodward, and Mark S. Ellis, Bosnian Economic Security after 1996, East European Studies, The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, The Atlantic Council, Washington, D.C., 1997, 8 p.

To order: East European Studies, The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 370 L’Enfant Promenade, S.W., Suite 704, Washington, D.C., United States, tel. 202-287-3000, fax 202-298-3772, Email: wwcem126@sivm.si.edu

Liberalization, Integration and Economic Performance: Experience and Prospects, Duncker and Humblot, Berlin, 1996, 27 p.

Market—Competition—Contract: Management and Financial Methods in Municipal Communal Services, Local Government Know-How Program, Hungary, 1996, 251 p.

One of the most rapidly changing areas of municipal financial management, itself undergoing transition, is communal services. Fundamentally, new forms of ownership as well as new organizational and managerial relationships have been established in the broad area of communal services that also includes the provision of public utilities. Methods of financing have changed, the cost burden has been rearranged, and the competency of local governments has increased.

To order: Local Government Know-How Program, H-2094 Nagykovácsi, Kolozsvári utca 22/a, Hungary, tel. 361-138-9390, Email: 100263.417@compuserve.com

Ricardo F. Neupert, Population Policies, Socioeconomic Development, and Population Dynamics in Mongolia, Research School of Sciences, Australian National University, 1996, 120 p.

To order: Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, ACT 0200.

Gabriel Roth, Roads in a Market Economy, Avebury, Vermont, 1995, 292 p.

To order: Avebury, Ashgate Publishing Co., Old Post Road, Brookfield, Vermont 05036-9704, United States, tel. 800-535-9544, fax 802-276-3837, Email: info@ashgate.com

M. Holt Ruffin, Joan McCarter, and Richard Upjohn, The Post-Soviet Handbook: A Guide to Grassroots Organizations and Internet Resources in the Newly Independent States, University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, July 1996, 414 p.

To order: University of Washington Press, P.O. Box 50096, Seattle, Washington 98145-5096, United States, tel. 206-543-4050, fax 206-543-3932.

U.S.-Russia Project Financing, Geonomics Institute, Vermont, September 1996, 96 p.

To order: Geonomics Institute, 14 Hillcrest Avenue, Middlebury, Vermont 05753, United States, tel. 802-388-9619, fax 802-388-9627, Email: geonomic@midd-unix.middlebury.edu

Zhaoyong Zhang, The Exchange Value of the Renminbi and China’s Balance of Trade: An Empirical Study, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper 5771, 1996, 23 p.

To order: NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138-5398, United States, tel. 617-868-3900 ext. 315, fax 617-441-3895, Email: subs@nber.harvard.edu

Russian Official Statistics

To order: Goskomstat Rossii, 39, Myasnitskaya Str., 103450 Moscow, Russia, tel. 7095-207-4651 or 7095-207-4237, fax 7095-207-4592, Email: statpro@sovam.com

Construction in Russia: Statistical Handbook, 1996, 247 p.

Industry in Russia: Statistical Handbook, 1996, 425 p.

Natural Increase of the Population of the Russian Federation during 1995: Statistical Bulletin, 1996, 52 p.

Russian Statistical Yearbook: Statistical Handbook (Rossiyskiy statisticheskiy yezhegodnik: Statisticheskiy sbornik), 1996, 1,200 p., Complete statistical yearbook for Russia for 1995. Text is in Russian; table of contents is in English.

The Social-Economic Situation in Russia in 1996, 1996, 324 p.

The Social Sector in Russia: Statistical Handbook (Sotsial’naya sfera Rossii: Statisticheskiy sbornik), 275 p. (in Russian)

Newsletters and Special Publications

Belarus Economic Trends; Moldovan Economic Trends: Monthly and quarterly Updates.

To order: TACIS Publications, Rupinder Singh, tel. 375-172-208442, fax 375-172-208657, Email: bulletin@bettacis. minsk.by; or Moldovan Distribution Office, Cotswold, Heol-y-Parc, Pentyrch, Cardiff, CF4 8ND, United Kingdom, tel. 44-1222-890-722, fax 44-1222-892-761, Email: 101716.321@compuserve.com

Bank of Russia in Transition, Central Bank, United Kingdom, vol. 7, no. 2, 1996, 160 p. Special issue includes Interview with Governor Dubinin; History and Organization; Monetary Policy; Exchange Rate Policy; Financial Markets and Banking; IMF and the CBR; Governors of the Bank of Russia; and Glossary.

To order: Central Banking Publications Limited, 27 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1PA, United Kingdom, tel. 44171-404-6435, fax 44171-404-6436.

East/West Executive Guide, a monthly legal and strategic guide published by WorldTrade Executive, Inc.

To order: WorldTrade Executive, Inc., P.O. Box 761, Concord, Massachusetts 01742, United States, tel. 508-287-0301; fax 508-287-0302, http://pages.map.com/~wte/welcome.html

Focus on Transition, a semiannual publication produced by the Austrian National Bank.

To order: Oesterrechische Nationalbank, Mail Distribution, Files and Documentation Division, P.O. Box 61, A-1011 Vienna, Austria, fax 431-404-20-2399.

NGO News, a regional newsletter for nongovernmental organizations. Published by the National Forum Foundation. From the December issue: Endowments—Generating Interest; the Lithuanian Free Market Institute; Assisting NGO Communities.

To subscribe: NGO News, NFF, 18 Menesi ut, 1118 Budapest, Hungary, tel./fax 3610-185-3108, Email: nff@nff.hu, http//www.nff.hu, or http//www.ngonet.org

Russian Economic Developments, journal published by East View Publications, Inc.

To order: East View Publications, Inc., Higher School of Economics, Institute of Macroeconomic Research and Forecasting, 3020 Harbor Lane North, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55447, United States, tel. 612-550-0961, fax 612-559-2931, Email: eastview@eastview.com; or in Moscow: mia@evp.accessnet.ru

Special Report on Agriculture, Food Production and Food Trade in the Russian Far East, Russian Far East Update, Seattle, Washington, 1996.