DDG-XII F/1Contact Person : Mr. Pierre Valette
200, rue de la Loi
Brussels, Belgium
Tel: 32 2 295 6356/3701
Fax: 32 2 296 3024/0621
The EFOM-ENV models are national dynamic optimisation models (employing linear programming) representing the energy producing and consuming sectors in each Member State. They optimise the development of these sectors under given fuel import prices and useful energy demand over a pre-defined time horizon. The development of national energy systems can be subject to energy and environment constraints like availabilities of fuel supply, penetration rates of certain technologies, emission stadards and emission ceilings. The model data bases contain a wide range of conversion and end use technologies such as conventional technologies, renewables, efficient fossil fuel burning technologies, combined heat and power and energy conservation measures in the demand sectors.
- Energy balance in a base year;
- Projections of useful energy demand and fuel prices;
- Investment and operating costs, availability and efficiency of energy production, transformation and the technologies;
- Energy and environmental constraints, where relevant (e.g. development of nuclear power, availability of renewable resources, emission standards, etc.);
- Emission factors (SO2, Nox, particulates, CO2);
- Load duration curves for electricity and heat demands.
Country
Medium to long-term. Length of period (in years) chosen by users.
Energy and environment policy analysis and planning.
In particular, cost-effectiveness analysis of energy policy options for reducing pollutant emissions (so-caled "bottom-up" approach of emission reduction objectives).
Macroeconomic analysisTotal energy system analysis Country Specific Linear Programming Model.
Demand side analysis: Analysis of energy requirements at the useful energy level or on the final energy level. Also the levels of activity of options including energy saving measures are investigated.
Resource analysis:
Supply side analysis: All energy flows entering the system are represented, either as import or extraction of energy carriers. Also renewable energy like wind, sun or hydro energy are defined.
Supply/demand balance:Detailed electric system analysis
Load curve: Incorporated;
Load characterization: 4 time-divisions;
Generation expansion analysis: Endogenous.
Environmental analysis
Air-pollution: The models include emission factors and emission standards (for SO2, Nox and particulates), abatement technologies. Analysis of the impact on the energy system of global or sectoral emission reduction objectives;
Water: Not included;
Solid waste: Not included;
Land use: Not included;
Occupational health and safety: Not included.Decision support analysis: Determination of the least-cost mix of technological options and its associated costs for differennt national emission reduction objectives (SO2, Nox and CO2). Scenario analysis.
Flexibility
Structure of energy system can be changed. Energy process can be added. Time Horizon is free. Emission bounds can be put at every level. Load curves can be incorporated.
Future development
More specific output generation.
The basic version of EFOM-ENV is in FORTRAN (a) and is run on a main frame. This version exists for the twelve Member States. In addition, there is an OMNI version of the Belgian EFOM-ENV model and a GAMS version, EFOM-ENV/GAMS (b), for the Netherlands, Poland and the Czech Republic. The FORTRAN and GAMS versions run on a PC.
User friendliness
(a) A significant training time must be planned for;
(b) Most data are imputed using an interface; error checking is executed by the model; model output is generated automatically.
Documentation
(a) A set of guides giving full overview of EFOM-ENV-FORTRAN is available, but referring to the mainframe version;
(b) User manuals for EFOM-ENV/GAMS and the input interface are available (in English).
Training
(a) Yes, bilateral arrangements can be made;
(b) Same as above.
Case studies
(a) All EC countries; Poland, Mexico and Dominican Republic;
(b) The Netherlands, Poland and The Czech Republic.
Hardware For EFOM-ENV/FORTRAN:
Minimum PC-386 with 80386 co-processor;
Minimum 4 MB RAM;
VGA or EGA graphics card.
For EFOM-ENV/GAMS:
Minimum PC-386;
Minimum 4 MB RAM.
Software For EFOM/FORTRAN:
DOS 5.0 or UNIX;
Additional Software: can use commercial LP solvers like MINOS or LINPROG (RISO National Laboratory, Denmark). For users with access to the source code, the recommended compiler is SALFORD FTN77 or Lahey Fortran F77L-EM/32 compiler. For preparation of input and graphical output presentation: LOTUS 1-2-3- or other Spreadsheet program.
For EFOM-ENV/GAMS:
DOS or UNIX;
For running the model: GAMS with solver MINOS.
Berger, C., An Algorithm for the Controlled Decomposition for Dynamic Multiregional Linear Models (Un algorithme de decomposition emboitee pour des modeles lineaires multiregionaux dynamiques), EUR 9176 FR, 1984. (EC)Berger, C., A Study of the Effectiveness of Decomposition Algorithms in Resolving Linear Problems Generated by ORESTE (Une etude sur l'efficacite des algorithmes de decomposition a resoudre les problemes lineaires engendres par ORESTE), EUR 9175 FR, 1984. (EC)
Clifford, J.S., P.V. Slee, The Prototype EFOM 12D PNPP Model, EUR 7288 EN, 1981. (EC)
Clifford, J.S.et al., European Energy Supply Studies Using the EFOM 12C Model, EUR 8543 EN, 1983. (EC)
COHERENCE, Cost-effectiveness analysis of CO2 reduction options ("Crash Programme"), Synthesis report for the European Commission, DG-XII F/1, May 1991.
COHERENCE, Cost-effectiveness analysis of energy technologies and CO2 abatement strategies, the case of five EC countries: Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, report for the European Commission, DG XII F/1, to be published.
Daffe, A., J.F. Guilmot, EFOM 12C Case Studies - Candidate Technologies to Relieve the European Energy System, EUR 8120 EN, 1982. (EC)
EFOM-ENV national teams, Cost-effectiveness analysis of CO2 reduction options ("Crash Programme"). Country reports for the European Commission, DG XII F/1, May 1991.
Fenhann, J., A Case Study with the Energy Supply Model EFOM -12 DEG.C, EUR 7378 EN, 1981. (EC)
Fennhann, J., EFOM 12C Case Studies - Candidate Technologies to Relieve the European Energy System, EUR 8319 EN, 1983. (EC)
Fenhann, J., P.E. Morthorst, Energy Model for Denmark - EXPLOR -EDM - EFOM, EUR 7284 EN, 1981. (EC)
Finon, D., Principle for the Calculation of the Annual Investments and Foreign Currencies Derived from the EFOM Model Using the Devin Software, EUR 6789 EN, 1980. (EC)
Grohnheit, P.E., Economic Interpretation of the EFOM Model, Energy Economics, 13(2), pages 143-52, 1991.
Guilmot, J.F., A. Daffe, Harmonisation of the Data Banks of the Energy Model EFOM 12C - The Belgian Data Bank (Harmonisation des banques donnees belge), EUR 7641 F, 1982. (EC)
Guilmot, J.F., The EFOM Energy Model - Development to Answer Questions of Energy Supply (Le modele energetique EFOM: developpement d'un outil de reponse aux questions d'approvisionnement energetique), EUR 9475 FR, 1984. (EC)
Hoepfinger, E., W. Huber, EFOM 12C Case Studies - Candidate Technologies to Relieve the European Energy System - Germany, EUR 8428 EN, 1983. (EC)
Huber, W., et al., EFOM Case Studies - The Escalating Supply Rationing, EUR 8050 EN, 1982. (EC)
Kracht, G., Example of the Optimisation of the French Energy System at Long-Term until 2020 for the European EFOM-12 Model (Un example de l'optimisation du systeme energetique francais a long terme jusqu'en 2020 pour le modele europeen EFOM-12), EUR 7912 FR, 1982. (EC)
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Littlechild, S.C. et al., EFOM 12C Case Studies. Candidate Technologies in European Energy Systems - U.K. Case Study, EUR 8459 EN, 1983. (EC)
Plinke, E. et al., Cost-efficient Emission Control Strategies for the Turkish Energy System, Energy (Oxford), vol. 17(4), pages 377-395, 1992.
Plinke, E. et al., Emission Control Strategies for Turkey in View of an Integration into the European Community, International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 16(3), pages 223-239, 1992.
Psarras, J., P. Capros, J.-E. Samouilidis, Multicriteria Analysis Using a Large-Scale Energy Supply LP Model, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 44(3), pages 383-394, 1990.
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Rubin, R., The EC Medium Term Energy Demand Model - Present State and Recent Results, EUR 9011 EN, 1984. (EC)
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Samoulidis, J.E. et al., EFOM 12C - GRESOM 6 - A Model for the Greek Energy System, EUR 9170 EN, 1984. (EC)
Smeers, Y., On Some Computational Problems Related to the EFOM 12C Model, EUR 9177 EN, 1984. (EC)
Thonet, C. et al., A Critical Assessment of the First Results of the EFOM 12C Model, EUR 8292 EN, 1983. (EC)
Van der Voort, E. et al,., A Comparative Study for the Community on Candidate Technologies to Relieve the European Energy System, EUR 8908 EN, 1984. (EC)
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