Egypt

The objective of the Giza North 2x750 Mega-Watt electrical (MWe) Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Project is to assist the Government of Egypt to improve the security... Show More + and efficiency of electricity supply through investment in new generation capacity based on combined-cycle gas turbine technology. Negative measures include: air quality; noise; flora and fauna; waste management; and soils and hydrology. Mitigation measures include: a) development of effective site drainage systems; b) restriction of access only to construction site areas; c) monitoring and control of spoil; d) disposal of waste materials unsuitable for reuse on-site, (e.g. for landscaping) at appropriately licensed sites; e) provision of impermeable bases in operational areas to prevent absorption of spillages; f) development of a site drainage plan which reduces flow velocity and sediment load; and g) protection of temporary stockpiles of soil from erosion by using a reduced slope angle where practical, sheeting and by incorporating sediment traps in drainage ditches. Show Less -

Ratings for the Airports Development Project for Egypt were as follows: outcomes were highly satisfactory, the risk to development outcome was moderate, Bank performance... Show More + was highly satisfactory, and Borrower performance was satisfactory. Some lessons learned included: sector reform can only be progressive and the Bank's support through a large scale investment lending operation can make a difference, if provided through an early dialogue during implementation, and focused on strategic aspects, high policy advice, and game changing issues. Management contracts are an effective Public Private Partnerships (PPP) model to foster the modernization of economically viable public entities, enhance operational and financial performance, and transfer know-how, especially when private partners are competitively selected at an early stage, on the basis of well prepared bidding documents. Large infrastructure investments like airports can successfully contribute to a country's economic development, through regional integration, facilitation of trade, increased currency earning tourism, and direct job creation from attracted economic activities when a critical mass is achieved. The Bank's attention and responsiveness during preparation and a strong support all along the project implementation is instrumental for the success of a project. The demonstration of solid knowledge and timely delivery of projects enhances the Bank-country relationship. The quality, completeness, and relevance of the design, as well as a strong engineer during construction, can significantly contribute to controlling final costs. Show Less -

The development objective of the Enhancing Access to Finance for Micro and Small Enterprises Project for Egypt is to contribute to sustainable access to finance for... Show More + micro and small enterprises on a commercial basis, thus promoting growth and job creation, minimize the impact of the financial crisis on micro and small enterprises, and attaining an inclusive system. Negative impacts include: less water availability; risk of food poisoning; increase in solid wastes; noise; chemical and lead contamination; plastic and chemical waste; contamination from metal particles and substances, such as glue, oils, solvents, and coolants; waste dumped into sewers; accidents from improper use of electric devices; contamination of beaches and ports from fuel and oil spills and organic waste; deterioration of habitats and species; and air pollution from dust from handling and processing construction materials. Mitigation measures include: 1) enforce strict hygiene practices, use raw materials free from chemical residues, minimize use of preservatives and coloring agents, and manage organic waste; 2) require use of masks and ear plugs by exposed operators and follow strict maintenance and lubrication practices for the moving parts of equipment; 3) use suitable ventilation systems in workshops, including fans and extractors; 4) suitable maintenance and lubrication of equipment and insulate the noisiest equipment; 5) recycle, dispose of trash in authorized dumps, and minimize use of packaging; 6) recycle whey in agricultural operations or barnyard animals, recycle water used in cooling and cleaning, and treat liquid waste to neutralize it and reduce the organic load; 7) minimize the use of chemicals, recycle liquid waste, minimize the amount of water used in processes, and install small treatment plants; 8) avoid using lead in manufacturing products, use vegetable dyes when possible, use labels to identify each substance, and establish contingency plans for work accidents, fire, and explosions; and 9) use drainage and recalculating system for processing water, separate solids and liquid waste, and install settling tanks in the facility to protect the sewer system. Show Less -

The objectives of the Second Airport Development Project for Egypt are: (i) to support the expansion of Cairo International Airport (CAI) passenger capacity to accommodate... Show More + traffic growth and enhance the airport's quality of service, and (ii) to improve air transport safety and security. Negative impacts of the project include: noise pollution, air pollution, traffic and access to road, water quality, excavated waste, construction waste and general refuse, and solid wastes. Mitigation measures include: 1) to determine specific sound level measurements of typical machines to be used particularly those activities that have been identified to be noisy or produce sound levels above daytime noise criteria; 2) provide a safe and adequate diversion for every road link that is closed during the construction phase. The traffic flow to and from terminal two and the established parking lots needs to be maintained at all times; 3) all material resulting from construction must be put in a location protected from wind and regularly sprayed with water until reused for fill or disposed of outside the site; 4) temporary haul roads shall be watered whilst in use to reduce dust production during construction; 5) all hauling trucks must be securely covered to eliminate dust scatter while moving in and out of the site; 6) contractor documents should include waste management plans to include recycling of solid wastes and off site proper disposal of solid hazardous wastes; 7) all construction wastes and wastes from contractors' camps and offices will be disposed to designated sites only. Wastes are mainly large stones, loose sandy soil, paper, cement bags, wood, paint holders, and food residues; and 8) all offices are to be provided with approved sanitary facilities. Care should be given to workers" human excreta disposal in order to eliminate potential sources of infection and unsightly conditions. Show Less -

The objectives of the Second Airport Development Project for Egypt are: (i) to support the expansion of Cairo International Airport (CAI) passenger capacity to accommodate... Show More + traffic growth and enhance the airport's quality of service, and (ii) to improve air transport safety and security. Negative impacts of the project include: noise pollution, air pollution, traffic and access to road, water quality, excavated waste, construction waste and general refuse, and solid wastes. Mitigation measures include: 1) to determine specific sound level measurements of typical machines to be used particularly those activities that have been identified to be noisy or produce sound levels above daytime noise criteria; 2) provide a safe and adequate diversion for every road link that is closed during the construction phase. The traffic flow to and from terminal two and the established parking lots needs to be maintained at all times; 3) all material resulting from construction must be put in a location protected from wind and regularly sprayed with water until reused for fill or disposed of outside the site; 4) temporary haul roads shall be watered whilst in use to reduce dust production during construction; 5) all hauling trucks must be securely covered to eliminate dust scatter while moving in and out of the site; 6) contractor documents should include waste management plans to include recycling of solid wastes and off site proper disposal of solid hazardous wastes; 7) all construction wastes and wastes from contractors' camps and offices will be disposed to designated sites only. Wastes are mainly large stones, loose sandy soil, paper, cement bags, wood, paint holders, and food residues; and 8) all offices are to be provided with approved sanitary facilities. Care should be given to workers" human excreta disposal in order to eliminate potential sources of infection and unsightly conditions. Show Less -

The objectives of the Second Airport Development Project for Egypt are: (i) to support the expansion of Cairo International Airport (CAI) passenger capacity to accommodate... Show More + traffic growth and enhance the airport's quality of service, and (ii) to improve air transport safety and security. Negative impacts of the project include: noise pollution, air pollution, traffic and access to road, water quality, excavated waste, construction waste and general refuse, and solid wastes. Mitigation measures include: 1) to determine specific sound level measurements of typical machines to be used particularly those activities that have been identified to be noisy or produce sound levels above daytime noise criteria; 2) provide a safe and adequate diversion for every road link that is closed during the construction phase. The traffic flow to and from terminal two and the established parking lots needs to be maintained at all times; 3) all material resulting from construction must be put in a location protected from wind and regularly sprayed with water until reused for fill or disposed of outside the site; 4) temporary haul roads shall be watered whilst in use to reduce dust production during construction; 5) all hauling trucks must be securely covered to eliminate dust scatter while moving in and out of the site; 6) contractor documents should include waste management plans to include recycling of solid wastes and off site proper disposal of solid hazardous wastes; 7) all construction wastes and wastes from contractors' camps and offices will be disposed to designated sites only. Wastes are mainly large stones, loose sandy soil, paper, cement bags, wood, paint holders, and food residues; and 8) all offices are to be provided with approved sanitary facilities. Care should be given to workers" human excreta disposal in order to eliminate potential sources of infection and unsightly conditions. Show Less -

The objective of the Affordable Mortgage Finance Program Development Policy Loan Program for Egypt, Arab Republic of is to reform the current system of inefficient and... Show More + poorly targeted supply-side subsidies for housing for the broad low and middle income sector and replace them with a transparent and economically efficient demand-side subsidy system. The program faces several risks that would be mitigated as follows: 1) financial and macroeconomic environment: with the current global crisis, obtaining funding sources priced at a level appropriate for on-lending to the mortgage sector is one of the major short-term risks. In mitigation of this risk, the Egyptian Mortgage Refinance Company (EMRC) is moving forward with plans to issue its own bonds. (ii) Inflation: increase in inflation may result in increasing mortgage interest rates across mortgage lenders, thereby affecting the size of loan which beneficiaries will be able to afford. Measures to tackle the affordability problem would include: (a) moving from a buy-down to an upfront subsidy; and (b) reducing cost of construction through improved regulations or change the mix of units between new communities and existing urban areas. (iii) Market risk: inability of a class of households drawn into mortgage obligations, to pay according to amortization schedules drawn up by lenders to expand initial affordability, risking loan default. The program deals with this risk in the following ways: (a) loans are fixed rate loans; and (b) maximum payment-to-income ratios will be set by law at 33 percent, although for some lower income households, the program may operate below this ceiling. (iv) Political environment: stakeholder's opposition could weaken the government's attempt to pursue the needed policy and structural reforms. Budgetary allocations for the new subsidy program on a sustained basis could be disrupted, thereby, impacting negatively lenders' confidence. These risks would be mitigated through ensuring the issuance of decrees, amending relevant laws, launching public awareness campaigns, and consulting with stakeholders. Show Less -

The objectives of the Second Airport Development Project for Egypt are: (i) to support the expansion of Cairo International Airport (CAI) passenger capacity to accommodate... Show More + traffic growth and enhance the airport's quality of service, and (ii) to improve air transport safety and security. Negative impacts of the project include: noise pollution, air pollution, traffic and access to road, water quality, excavated waste, construction waste and general refuse, and solid wastes. Mitigation measures include: 1) to determine specific sound level measurements of typical machines to be used particularly those activities that have been identified to be noisy or produce sound levels above daytime noise criteria; 2) provide a safe and adequate diversion for every road link that is closed during the construction phase. The traffic flow to and from terminal two and the established parking lots needs to be maintained at all times; 3) all material resulting from construction must be put in a location protected from wind and regularly sprayed with water until reused for fill or disposed of outside the site; 4) temporary haul roads shall be watered whilst in use to reduce dust production during construction; 5) all hauling trucks must be securely covered to eliminate dust scatter while moving in and out of the site; 6) contractor documents should include waste management plans to include recycling of solid wastes and off site proper disposal of solid hazardous wastes; 7) all construction wastes and wastes from contractors' camps and offices will be disposed to designated sites only. Wastes are mainly large stones, loose sandy soil, paper, cement bags, wood, paint holders, and food residues; and 8) all offices are to be provided with approved sanitary facilities. Care should be given to workers" human excreta disposal in order to eliminate potential sources of infection and unsightly conditions. Show Less -