China

This study examines the major issues relating to coal use and coal-related air pollution in China, discusses options in the principal consuming sectors, and suggests... Show More + possible strategies for improving coal use and mitigating the environmental effects. Chapter I provides an overview of the extent and causes of high energy and coal intensity in China. Chapter II presents background information on coal production and the domestic coal market, and Chapter III discusses the seriousness of air pollution caused by coal use. Chapter IV reviews options for improving coal supply, while Chapters V and VI discuss specific measures to improve coal use and pollution control in industry and electric power. Chapter VII considers options for improved urban household energy use and the final chapter suggests priorities for public policy and investments. The report comprises two volumes: the main report and a set of annexes with background and analyses on specific topics. Show Less -

This report summarizes the findings of a study on rural energy development in China which focuses on three county-level case studies. It provides background on rural... Show More + energy in China; details on the objectives, process and methodology of the assessments; main conclusions; and an outline of priority areas for follow-up international assistance. Show Less -

This report looks at some key issues for China over the next 20 years, and some options for addressing them to achieve Chinaapos;s ultimate economic objective of catching... Show More + up with developed countries while maintaining a socialist system in which the benefits of prosperity are widely shared. It begins with a general discussion of the pattern of economic growth. It covers prospects and policies in many specific areas, including agriculture, energy, technology, transport, industrial location, internal and external trade, population, education, employment, and finance. It discusses the means for enhancing Chinaapos;s economic prospects by reforming the system of economic management, specifically through greater use of market regulation to stimulate innovation and efficiency, through stronger planning -- combining indirect with direct economic control, and through modification and extension of social institutions and policies to maintain fairness in distribution. Show Less -

In recent years, Chinese efforts to develop biogas, small-scale hydroelectric plants, and other decentralized renewable energy systems have attracted a great deal of... Show More + interest in other countries. This report provides a brief description of Chinaapos;s achievements in the development of biogas, small hydro plants, forestry, solar energy and wind energy, based primarily on information from Chinese sources. More important, however, this report attempts to shed light on how the Chinese approached decentralized renewable energy development during the 1970s, and the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese methods. In contrast to the approach adopted in many other countries, the Chinese placed a strong emphasis on mass-based, self-reliant development during the 1970s, and while this approach brought major achievements in the popularization of technology, it also brought a series of problems, especially concerning technical performance, planning and coordination, and local management. During the 1980s, China will continue aggressive promotion of decentralized renewable energy technologies, but as in so many areas of development, some of the previous policies have been revised in an attempt to overcome the problems experienced in the past. Show Less -