International negotiations on climate
change have been dogged by mutual recriminations between
rich and poor countries, constricted by the zero-sum
arithmetic of a shrinking... Show More +
global carbon budget, and
overtaken by shifts in economic power between industrialized
and developing countries. To overcome these
"narrative," "adding-up," and "new
world" problems, respectively, this paper proposes a
new Greenprint for cooperation. First, the large dynamic
emerging economies -- China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia --
must assume the mantle of leadership, offering contributions
of their own and prodding the reluctant industrial countries
into action. This role reversal would be consistent with the
greater stakes for the dynamic emerging economies. Second,
the emphasis must be on technology generation. This would
allow greater consumption and production possibilities for
all countries while respecting the global emissions budget
that is dictated by the climate change goal of keeping
average temperature rise below 2 degrees centigrade. Third,
instead of the old cash-for-cuts approach -- which relies on
the industrial countries offering cash (which they do not
have) to the dynamic emerging economies for cuts (that they
are unwilling to make) -- all major emitters must make
contributions. With a view to galvanizing a technology
revolution, industrial countries would take early action to
raise carbon prices. The dynamic emerging economies would in
turn eliminate fossil fuel subsidies, commit to matching
carbon price increases in the future, allow limited border
taxes against their own exports, and strengthen protection
of intellectual property for green technologies. This would
directly and indirectly facilitate such a technological revolution. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS6440
Date: May 1, 2013
Author:
Mattoo, Aaditya ;
Subramanian, Arvind
Brazilian exports of goods and services
have grown sharply in recent years, with sales nearly three
times higher in 2010 than in 2000. However, Brazil faces
considerable... Show More +
competitiveness challenges: its export
performance depends mostly on favorable geographical and
sector composition effects. Such challenges increased after
the recent global economic crisis. A recent slowdown in
industrial exports, production, and investments seems
related to supply-side difficulties stemming from a wide
range of inefficiencies and rising costs, rather than
insufficient demand. Although a stronger currency is one of
the factors behind the lower competitiveness of
Brazil's manufacturing exports, sluggish productivity
performance, lack of dynamism at the firm level, and a real
wage uptrend seem to explain a significant part of the
overall loss of competitiveness. This diagnostic reinforces
the urgency of resuming the agenda of microeconomic reforms,
increasing the investment-to-Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
ratio, and advancing toward better-skilled human capital. Show Less -
Type: Brief
Report#: 75182
Date: February 1, 2013
Author:
Canuto, Otaviano ;
Reis, Jose Guilherme ;
Cavallari, Matheus
The Rio de Janeiro Low Carbon City
Development Program is an ISO-certified framework and set of
comprehensive requirements to help the city to plan,
implement, monitor,... Show More +
and account for low carbon investments
and climate change mitigation actions across all sectors in
the city over time. The Program will enable the city to plan
and implement the mitigation actions needed to achieve its
city-wide mitigation goals, as well as credibly and
transparently demonstrate the achievement of those goals
through diligent monitoring and accounting of the actions
taken. This issue of Directions in Urban Development
describes the context underlying the development of the
Program in Rio, and the key components of such an
ISO-certified program including roles and responsibilities,
planning and evaluation, and the program process. Show Less -
Type: Brief
Report#: 74647
Date: November 1, 2012
This paper studies the reality and the
potential for green industrial policy. It provides a summary
of the green industrial policies, broadly understood, for
five countries.... Show More +
It then considers the relation between green
industrial policies and trade disputes, emphasizing the
Brazil-United States dispute involving ethanol and the
broader United States-China dispute. The theory of public
policy provides many lessons for green industrial policy.
The authors highlight four of these lessons, involving the
Green Paradox, the choice of quantities versus prices with
endogenous investment, the coordination issues arising from
emissions control, and the ability of green industrial
policies to promote cooperation in reducing a global public
bad like carbon emissions. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS6238
Date: October 1, 2012
Author:
Karp, Larry ;
Stevenson, Megan
The Executive Directors approved the
Brazil - Third Minas Gerais Development Partnership
Development Policy Loan, or DPL Project to the State of
Minas Gerais, Brazil... Show More +
in the amount of US$450 million on the
payment terms and conditions set out in the President's
memorandum. Directors expressed broad support for the
Development Policy Loan, which is aligned with and closely
linked to the objectives of the Brazil Country Partnership
Strategy, or CPS, 2012-2015. Directors highlighted the
importance of closely monitoring program results and the
State's fiscal situation, given its high vulnerability
to reductions in commodity prices. Staffs were urged to
ensure that the operation will benefit the poorest regions
of the State and foster more jobs for youth. Directors also
called for dissemination of the lessons learned from its
successful reform to other client governments, both inside
and outside Brazil. Directors noted staff efforts to provide
support to Brazil through a large number of sub-national
DPLs, and in this regard called for an assessment of lessons
learned. Directors also noted efforts to support
improvements in environmental management and climate change
mitigation policies. Show Less -
Type: Summary of Discussion
Report#: 71501
Date: July 26, 2012
The overall impacts on the Brazilian
economy of reducing CO2 emissions from energy use and
industrial processes can be assessed using a recursive
dynamic general equilibrium... Show More +
model and a hypothetical carbon
tax. The study projects that in 2040 under a
business-as-usual scenario, CO2 emissions from energy use
and industrial processes would be almost three times as high
as in 2010 and would account for more than half of total
national CO2 emissions. Current policy aims to reduce
deforestation by 70 percent by 2017 and emissions intensity
of the overall economy by 36-39 percent by 2020. If policy
is implemented as planned and continued to 2040, CO2
emissions from energy use and industrial processes would not
have to be cut until 2035 as reductions of emissions through
controlling deforestation would be enough to meet emission
targets. The study also finds evidence that supports the
double dividend hypothesis: using revenue from a
hypothetical carbon tax to finance a cut in labor income tax
significantly lowers the gross domestic product impacts of
the carbon tax. Using carbon tax revenue to subsidize wind
power can effectively increase the output of wind power in
the country, although the impact of the tax on gross
domestic product would be somewhat increased. Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS6135
Date: July 1, 2012
Author:
Chen, Y.-H. Henry ;
Timilsina, Govinda R.
This publication is the result of an
initiative to promote an exchange between Brazil and African
countries on lessons learned about the role of community
forestry as... Show More +
a strategic option to achieve the goals of
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(REDD+). The initiative was supported by the World Bank with
funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and
coordinated by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS)
with support from the National Forestry Agency International
(ONFI). Representatives of five countries from the Congo
Basin (Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo) and
Madagascar participated in this initiative. This publication
organizes information, analyses and conclusions on issues
relevant to the design and implementation of REDD+
strategies. The findings do not represent an official
position of any of the institutions or governments involved.
In fact, the material presented here aims to stimulate
further discussions, as the REDD+ debate is still unfolding
and could benefit greatly from technical exchanges among the
various ongoing initiatives. This publication has the
following sections: (i) a conceptual approach to community
forestry and REDD+; (ii) the key issues of REDD+ in
connection with community forestry in Africa; (iii) how
REDD+ and forest carbon (FC) are being developed in Brazil;
and (iv) conclusions. Show Less -
Type: Working Paper
Report#: 76565
Date: May 1, 2012
Author:
Viana, Virgilio Mauricio; Aquino, Andre
Rodrigues; Pinto, Thais Megid; Lima, Luiza M. T.; Martinet, Anne
Directors expressed support for the
Piaui green growth and inclusion development policy loan,
citing its consistency with the priority of the Brazil CPS
for 2012-2015... Show More +
of increasing support to the poor states of
the Northeast region of Brazil. Directors noted that Brazil
has a wealth of natural resources yet low levels of social
indicators. They welcomed the focus on green growth
policies, social inclusion and gender issues that lay the
foundation for enhanced sustained growth for all, based on
the judicious use of the state's natural resources. Show Less -
Type: Summary of Discussion
Report#: 67373
Date: March 6, 2012
This paper examines the consequences of
rapid disinflation for downward wage rigidities in two
emerging countries, Brazil and Uruguay, relying on high
quality matched... Show More +
employer-employee administrative data.
Downward nominal wage rigidities are more important in
Uruguay, while wage indexation is dominant in Brazil. Two
regime changes are observed during the sample period,
1995-2004: (i) in Uruguay wage indexation declines, while
workers' resistance to nominal wage cuts becomes more
pronounced; and (ii) in Brazil, the introduction of
inflation targeting by the Central Bank in 1999 shifts the
focal point of wage negotiations from changes in the minimum
wage to expected inflation. These regime changes cast doubts
on the notion that wage rigidity is structural in the sense
of Lucas (1976). Show Less -
Type: Policy Research Working Paper
Report#: WPS5863
Date: October 1, 2011
Author:
Messina, Julian ;
Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anna
The landscape of Brazil is changing. The
country is consolidating its urbanization and its historic
hinterlands are becoming better integrated with the domestic
and... Show More +
global economy. With growth strong, a favorable economic
forecast and poverty levels declining, the country is
turning increasing public policy attention to addressing its
housing problem, to planning for future growth in cities,
and to converting the Amazon into an engine of green growth
through agriculture and environmental services. But the
legacy of accumulated problems in housing supply, urban
planning, land governance and management of the Amazon
region are daunting overhangs which the society has only
begun to address. This report assesses progress in
addressing these challenges from the perspective of land
governance. Land governance plays a fundamental role in
housing creation, urban management, agricultural
productivity and environmental outcomes. The report is
organized in four chapters. Chapter 1 examines three areas
of the land governance framework that have been culpable in
creating and sustaining informality and outlines remedial
steps that have been taken in each case to date. The areas
of governance addressed are the legal framework; land
information systems; and the delivery mechanisms for land
use planning and management. Chapter 2 profiles informal
land settlement in six urban municipalities and reviews
their implementation experiences with regularization
programs. Chapter 3 focuses on the land regularization
program in Para and its close linkages to environmental
regulation enforcement. Chapter 4 discusses the future of
land governance. Show Less -
Type: Other Agricultural Study
Report#: 69708
Date: June 1, 2011
Housing development has direct and
indirect impacts on the environment. Through its design,
construction, and operation, housing represents a
significant point of direct... Show More +
consumption of natural
materials, water, and energy. Therefore, greenhouse gas
emissions embodied in housing can be very significant.
Moreover, in Brazil, civil construction is responsible for
the largest percentage of solid waste volume generated in
cities, resulting in additional environmental impacts. The
housing sector also has substantial indirect environmental
impacts associated with extended commuting distances from
residents of housing developments and their resulting
greenhouse gas emissions.The housing sector in Brazil offers
substantial opportunities to improve enviromental
performance. Housing developments, particularly large-scale
low-cost programs, provide opportunities to minimize local
and global environmental impacts through the use of energy
efficient materials, design and construction guidelines, as
well as performance standards. Many of these technologies
and practices are appropriate to Brazilian conditions, and a
number of them are already in use. Low-cost housing programs
can be designed to incorporate sustainable materials and
guidelines, with potentially large-scale impacts. With the
launch of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV) economic
stimulus program to subsidize the construction of 1 million
low-income housing units (and recent approval of a second
round of subsidies for 2 million homes), Brazil is in a
unique position to achieve the triumvirate of sustainable
growth the social goal of reducing the national housing
deficit, the economic stimulus goal of creating jobs in the
construction industry, and the environmental goal of
developing healthy homes and communities. Centralized
funding sources like MCMV provide can be also used as models
for other assisted housing programs and, potentially,
market-rate housing developments as cities, developers and
construction product manufacturers become more experienced
in green housing technologies.
Many green
construction and technology programs are already in place.
Brazil has a history of promoting programs and policies
related to sustainable housing design construction and
maintenance, such as product certification, supply-chain,
research and development, and Green Building programs. The
Selo Azul Program, launched by CAIXA in 2010 with the goal
of promoting green housing development in Brazil, is
particularly promising. Enhancements to current programs can
greatly improve sustainability of housing sector. With
increasing awareness on sustainable construction, there are
currently major opportunities to promote the incorporation
of green construction technologies, as well as
hazard-resistant technologies for climate adaptation, within
formal and informal low-income housing in Brazil. Based on a
review of current practices at the national and
international level, as well as on interviews with public
and private sector practitioners, this Policy Note presents
recommendations aimed at enhancing the sustainability of
low-income housing approaches in Brazil, through the
provision of high quality, energy-efficient housing with
minimal environmental impacts. Show Less -
Type: Other Urban Study
Report#: 70187
Date: May 1, 2011
Urban sources of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Brazilian cities are growing. At the national
level, the dominance of greenhouse gas emissions from
deforestation... Show More +
in Brazil masks the fact that emissions from
other sectors, like Energy, Transport and Waste, are growing
quite rapidly in cities. Compared to other cities around the
world, Brazilian cities have low per capita GHG emissions
because of the high level of renewable energy production;
but as Brazilian cities continue to grow, the pressure
towards higher emissions will persist. The majority of
emissions from Energy in Brazil result from the use of
fossil fuels and electric power by industry. Industrial
processes using fossil fuels will continue to be the largest
contributor to emissions growth over the long-term, but
electricity generation will produce the highest emissions
increase in the period up to 2030. For the past three
decades, the trend has been for industries to move away from
city centers to peripheral locations that are cheaper and
have easier access to distribution networks. However, all
the GHG emissions inventories completed to date by Brazilian
cities are limited to municipal boundaries, making it
difficult to assess the role of industrial emissions at the
metropolitan level. One clear trend within city boundaries
is that residential consumption of electricity is
increasing. As households become wealthier, the size of
housing units tend to get larger and the number of domestic
appliances increase and residential consumption of
electricity is expected to grow drastically in the next two
decades.Transport emissions are rapidly growing, especially
in urban areas. Fossil fuelbased emissions in Brazil are
low compared to other countries due to the prominence of
renewable-energy sources for electricity and fuels. In fact,
ethanol substitutes for two-fifths of gasoline fuel.
However, transport-sector emissions are rapidly growing due
to increased motorization and congestion. This is coupled
with a tendency for smaller agglomerations to grow in a
sprawling manner, which is directly impacting the growth of
GHG emissions, since the amount of vehicle travel is linked
to urban form, i.e. the location of housing, jobs, commerce
and entertainment.
A distinguishing characteristic
of Brazilian cities is the high percentage of emissions from
waste. The waste sector constitutes about 4 percent of GHG
emissions on average in cities.1 A key driver of waste
emissions is the amount of waste produced and collected. In
Brazil the amount of waste collected has increased by about
4 percent per year since 1970. The amount of solid waste
collected in urban areas is expected to continue increasing
in the next two decades due to increased generation of waste
and improvements in the collection system. This will likely
result in an even higher share of GHG emissions for the
overall sector.
Climate change impacts are
widespread. Climate impacts from global warming in major
Brazilian cities have been identified and include flooding
from intense storms, increased temperatures, and droughts.
Sea level rise is also identified as a concern for Brazil
because 25 percent of Brazils population lives in coastal
cities. Brazilian cities are taking action against climate
change. In response to concerns about global climate change,
Brazilian cities have been world leaders in defining GHG
emissions reduction targets and adopted local climate change
laws. Some cities have completed GHG inventories,
established reduction targets, and taken measures to
mitigate emissions. Show Less -
Type: Other Urban Study
Report#: 70186
Date: May 1, 2011
The objective of this review of
resettlement policy and implementation in Brazil, is to
identify ongoing good practices, as well as areas for
further improvement. It... Show More +
draws upon an assessment of the
Brazilian legal and institutional framework related to land
acquisition for projects in the public interest, a rapid
evaluation of the resettlement programs in six projects
(three projects that received Bank financing and three
implemented without Bank support), interviews with experts
in this field and with people affected by projects, and a
literature review of national and international practices.
The key findings and salient recommendations of this study,
are summarized, and divided into the categories of
identification and mitigation of impacts, institutional
responsibility, costing and budgeting, meaningful
consultations, grievance redress, monitoring and evaluation.
are discussed below Show Less -
Type: Social Analysis
Report#: 70035
Date: March 26, 2011
The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)/International
Development Association (IDA) trust funds country report
FY2009-FY2011 Q1 for Brazil includes:... Show More +
disbursements,
approvals, and pending requests. Show Less -
Type: Annual Report
Report#: 60280
Date: January 1, 2011
This report presents the partial results
related to land use, land-use change and the forestry sector
from a larger multisectoral low-carbon study for Brazil.
Since... Show More +
the 1992 Kyoto Accord, Brazil has been committed to
reducing its carbon emissions. The overall aim of this study
was to support Brazil's efforts to identify
opportunities to reduce its emissions in ways that foster
economic development. The primary objective was to provide
the Brazilian government with the technical inputs needed to
assess the potential and conditions for low-carbon
development in key emitting sectors. To this end, the World
Bank study adopted a programmatic approach in line with the
Brazilian government's long-term development
objectives. These are: to anticipate the future evolution of
Brazil's emissions to establish a Reference Scenario;
identify and quantify lower carbon-intensive options to
mitigate emissions, as well as potential options for carbon
uptake; assess the costs of these low-carbon options,
identify barriers to their adoption, and explore measures to
overcome them; and build a low-carbon emissions scenario
that meets the same development expectations. The study also
analyzed the macroeconomic effects of shifting from the
Reference Scenario to the low-carbon one and the financing
required. Reference-scenario results for these main areas
show that deforestation remains the key driver of
Brazil's future emissions through 2030. The study
evaluated the mitigation and carbon uptake options,
assessing all the relevant sub-sectors for each sector;
determined the viability of the options investigated; and
finally, constructed low-carbon scenarios for each sector to
assist them lowering their greenhous gas (GHG) carbon emissions. Show Less -
Type: Energy-Environment Review
Report#: 69869
Date: January 1, 2011
Author:
Hissa, Leticia ;
Martha Junior, Geraldo ;
Regis Lima Verde Leal, Manoel ;
Ferreira, Rodrigo ;
Pacca, Sergio ;
Almeida de Siqueira, Ricardo ;
Chiodi Bachion, Luciane ;
de Lima, Magda A. ;
Farinelli, Barbara ;
Barcellos Antoniazzi, Laura ;
Sainz, Roberto D. ;
Marques, Fabio ;
de Gouvello, Christophe ;
Ribeiro Freitas, Saulo ;
Barioni, Luis G. ;
Castelo Branco, Magno ;
Goulart, Luiz ;
Meihuy Chang, Jennifer ;
Hato, Julio ;
Nassar, Andre ;
Harfuch, Leila ;
Moreira, Adriana ;
Longo, Karla Maria ;
Soares Filho, Britaldo S. ;
Martins, Osvaldo ;
Mendes, Thiago ;
Ramalho Moreira, Marcelo Melo ;
Toledo, Renato ;
Alves, Bruno J. R. ;
Pinto, Rogerio
This report summarizes the results for
the transportation sector from a larger study, the low
carbon study for Brazil, developed by the World Bank as part
of its initiative... Show More +
to support the integrated efforts of
Brazil to reduce global and national greenhouse gases
emissions, while promoting long-term development. The study
covers four key areas with potential low carbon options: 1)
Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), including
deforestation, 2) transport systems, 3) production and use
of energy, particularly electricity, oil, gas and bio fuels,
and 4) municipal waste, solids and liquids. This study aims
to underpin Brazil's efforts to explore methods for
reducing total emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) arising
from all areas of human activity. More specifically, this
study seeks to highlight low-carbon alternatives for
Brazil´s transport sector. These alternatives could
contribute positively to the world's climate, as well
as benefit Brazil's socio-economic development. The
technical inputs for evaluating potential carbon emissions
reduction will be submitted to the Brazilian government to
assist it in the design and deployment of joint planning
strategies in key sectors, including transport. To ensure
that the study targets the most important areas, it adopts
an overarching approach. This means that it made full use of
available specialist knowledge (thereby avoiding replication
of effort) by undertaking a comprehensive survey of the
literature and engaging in a wide-ranging consultation
process with recognized Brazilian experts and government
technical staff. Show Less -
Type: Energy-Environment Review
Report#: 69859
Date: January 1, 2011
The Amazon basin is a key component of
the global carbon cycle. The old-growth rainforests in the
basin represent storage of ~ 120 petagrams of carbon (Pg C)
in their... Show More +
biomass. Annually, these tropical forests process
approximately 18 Pg C through respiration and
photosynthesis. This is more than twice the rate of global
anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. The basin is also the
largest global repository of biodiversity and produces about
20 percent of the world's flow of fresh water into the
oceans. Despite the large carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from
recent deforestation, the Amazon rainforest ecosystem is
still considered to be a net carbon sinks of 0.8-1.1 Pg C
per year because growth on average exceeds mortality
(Phillips et al. 2008). However, current climate trends and
human-induced deforestation may be transforming forest
structure and behavior (Phillips et al. 2009). Increasing
temperatures may accelerate respiration rates and thus
carbon emissions from soils (Malhi and Grace 2000). High
probabilities for modification in rainfall patterns (Malhi
et al. 2008) and prolonged drought stress may lead to
reductions in biomass density. Resulting changes in
evapo-transpiration and therefore convective precipitation
could further accelerate drought conditions and destabilize
the tropical ecosystem as a whole, causing a reduction in
its biomass carrying capacity or dieback. In turn, changes
in the structure of the Amazon and its associated water
cycle will have implications for the many endemic species it
contains and result in changes at a continental scale.
Clearly, with much at stake, if climate-induced damage
alters the state of the Amazon ecosystem, there is a need to
better understand its risk, process, and dynamics. The
objective of this study is to assist in understanding the
risk, process, and dynamics of potential Amazon dieback and
its implications. Show Less -
Type: Publication
Report#: 58037
Date: November 11, 2010
Author:
Vergara, Walter ;
Scholz, Sebastian M.
The worldwide carbon market is a
reality. It has contributed to the implementation of
projects that aim to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
in many different s... Show More +
ectors and it has turned GHGs,
represented by carbon, into economic assets that are no
longer mere environmental liabilities. In this context,
Brazil currently ranks third in the world in terms of the
number of projects on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Brazil pioneered the development of the first large scale
methodology and registration for the first project in the
history of the CDM. Despite Brazil's significant
qualitative and quantitative participation in such projects,
there is still great potential for the development of other
types of CDM project activities. Given the new methodologies
for CDM projects approved over the last few years and the
programmatic CDM, which intends to reduce bureaucracy and
accelerate the registration process for closely related
projects, there exists an even greater potential for CDM
projects in several sectors in Brazil. The main objective of
this study was to identify the existing technical potential
for low carbon projects as described above as well as to
stimulate the implementation of low carbon projects in
Brazil, thus contributing towards reducing and avoiding
Brazil's current and projected emissions and inserting
Brazil into the new low carbon economy. Generally speaking,
the study focused on sectors where there is still a
potential for the application of conventional techniques or
technologies to reduce or avoid GHG emissions. Show Less -
Type: Country Infrastructure Framework
Report#: 69580
Date: November 1, 2010
The development objective of the Sergipe
Water Project is to promote the efficient and sustainable
use of water in the Sergipe river basin, by strengthening
sector governance,... Show More +
enhancing land management practices and
improving water quality. The project aims to improve
environmental conditions in the Sergipe river basin through
investments to recover degraded areas and promote the
efficient and sustainable use of water resources. The
project aims to tackle the challenge of revitalizing the
Sergipe river basin through a balanced approach of
integrated investments in water infrastructure, irrigated
agriculture and Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) services
coupled with strengthening of the institutional and
political framework and improving the integrated management
of water resources and the environment in the State of
Sergipe. The project will be implemented by the State
secretariat of environment and water resources, through the
project technical administration unit, and by the State
water supply and sanitation company. Show Less -
Type: Board Report
Report#: 57692
Date: October 25, 2010
The Status of Projects in Execution
(SOPE) Report for FY10 provides information on all
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD), International Development... Show More +
Association (IDA), and
trust funded projects that were active as of June 30, 2010.
The report is intended to bridge the gap in information
available to the public between the project appraisal
document or program document, disclosed after the Bank
approves a project, and the implementation completion
report, disclosed after the project closes. In addition to
the project progress description, the FY10 SOPE report
contains project level comparisons of disbursement estimates
and actual disbursements, and a table showing the
loan/credit/grant amount and disbursements to date. Show Less -
Type: Annual Report
Report#: 57220
Date: October 3, 2010
